Canine Infectious Disease Lecture Review Flashcards
The core vaccine in dogs is called the DAPP vaccine. What does each letter stand for
D Distemper virus
A Adenovirus
P Parainfluenza virus
P Parvo virus
At what age should the DAPP vaccine be given in puppies
It should begin as early as 6 weeks
What is the recommended DAPP vaccine schedule for a 6 week old puppy?
6, 9, 12, 15 weeks ( (+/- 18 weeks in black and tan breeds)
A 10 week old toy poodle puppy presents for puppy vaccines. She has never received any vaccinations before. What will you recommend as her DAPP vaccine schedule?
She needs at least 2 after 12 weeks, so I would recommend a DAPP at 10, 13, and 16 weeks
An 8 week old Labrador puppy presents for acute anorexia, lethargy, vomiting and bloody diarrhea. The puppy had one DAPP vaccine at 5 weeks by the breeder. What infectious disease would be at the top of the DDx list for this puppy?
PARVO!!!
Of course, we should always get a thorough history to help us with our final diagnosis, but my number one suspicion here would be parvo.
Never forget the fecal exam, especially in young animals. It is very common for them to have concurrent infections with intestinal parasites.
The incubation period for parvo virus is
about 7 days
What are the common clinical signs of canine parvo virus
anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, dehydration, fever
True/False. Canine parvo virus is very unstable in the environment.
FALSE. It is very stable in the environment= viable for 6 MONTHS—1 YEAR
How is Canine parvo virus diagnosed
an in-house ELISA snap test, using feces (most commonly) or saliva
True or False. A patient diagnosed with canine parvo virus can be hospitalized along with the general population of hospital patients.
FALSE. HIGHLY contagious—ISOLATION!!
What is the treatment of canine parvo virus
SUPPORTIVE!!!
Fluids
Antibiotics (for sepsis)
Antiemetics
Nursing
Serum (from a dog that has recovered from Parvo)
NPO until V/D stop, then introduce bland diet
How would you describe to a client what Distemper is and why they should vaccinate their puppy?
Distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that affects all canines and is spread by aerosolization and direct contact. It causes multisystem disease that affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurologic systems.
An unvaccinated puppy showing clinical signs of oculonasal discharge, diarrhea and seizures should be considered to be potentially infected with:
Canine Distemper Virus
*remember this is a multisystemic disease seen in young, unvaccinated puppies
What is the mode of transmission of canine parvovirus?
horizontal: fecal-oral
What is the mode of transmission of canine distemper virus
horizontal: aerosol, direct contact (all body fluids)
vertical: transplacental
HARDPAD- hyperkeratosis of nose and footpads may be associated with
canine distemper virus
What is the etiology of leptospirosis?
Bacterial -
L. interrogans
L. icterohemorrhagica
L. caniola
L. pomona
L. grippotyphosa
L. bratislavia
How is leptospirosis transmitted to domestic animals
Oral ingestion of urine contaminated food & water and/or Ingestion of infected urine or rodent-contaminated garbage
Is leptospirosis zoonotic?
Yes. Urine through skin ( only when there is epidermal break down) or mucus membranes; +/-Fomites
What is the primary source of transmission of leptospirosis?
water sources that have been contaminated with urine from wildlife; slow moving or stagnant water and moist soil
What are the clinical signs of leptospirosis in canines?
fever
liver disease (elevated liver enzymes, icterus)
kidney disease (elevated kidney enzymes, anorexia, vomiting, dehydration)
What organ systems may be affected in a dog suffering from leptospirosis?
liver and kidney
How might leptospirosis be diagnosed in a patient?
ELISA snap test or antibody titers
At what age can a dog first be vaccinated against lepto?
12 weeks
At what age can a dog first be vaccinated against lepto?
12 weeks
What is the general rule of thumb regarding boosters for puppies?
should receive at least 2 doses after 12 weeks of age
What is the most common side effect of the lepto vaccine?
injection site reaction (swollen/painful); however a true vaccine reaction may occur, as it is highly antigenic
What is the etiology of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis
Bacterial:
Bordetella bronchiseptica (dogs < 6 months)
Mycoplasma
Viral:
Parainfluenza; Canine adenovirus (CAV-2); Reovirus 1,2,3 & herpes,
What is the transmission of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis
Aerosol!!
Fomites over moderate time/distance
Direct contact: Excreted primarily from ocular, nasal and oral secretions
What is the common name for Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis
Kennel Cough
What are the clinical signs of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis
dry, hacky cough
(history of recent exposure at boarding, day care, groomer or vet clinic)
What vaccine (s) protect against Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough)?
Both the DAPP (Canine adenovirus (CAV-2) and Parainfluenza) and the Bordetella vaccine.
Canine Infectious Hepatitis etiology
Canine Adenovirus 1(CAV-1)
Transmission of Canine Infectious Hepatitis
Direct oronasal contact (Nasal discharge, Saliva)
Urine
Feces
Fomites!!!
Clinical signs of Canine Infectious Hepatitis
Pathogenesis may affect multiple systems, including the respiratory tract, liver, kidney, eyes;
Who is at high risk for Canine Infectious Hepatitis
young unvaccinated dogs, w/ risk of exposure to wildlife
What vaccine protects against Canine Infectious Hepatitis
DAPP
The Adenovirus type 2 cross protects against ICH
Why is Canine Adenovirus 1(CAV-1) no longer included in the DAPP vaccine?
It causes “blue eye”; The Adenovirus type 2 cross protects against ICH
Canine coronavirus clinical signs?
gastroenteritis, typically less severe than parvo (unless co-infection)
T/F. The canine corona virus vaccine is not routinely used in vet med
True. Coronavirus is typically very mild and by the time we would vaccinate, most puppies have already been exposed to the virus.
Etiology of Canine Influenza Virus (CIV)
Viral (CIV H3N8 and CIV H3N2)
T/F. CIV is a new virus, and dogs have no natural immunity to it
True!
Any dog that is in a closed room with other dogs for 6 hours is at risk!
Transmission Canine Influenza
Horizontal
Direct contact, such as when dogs kiss, lick, or nuzzle each other
Droplets in the air from a cough or sneeze
Fomites–Contaminated objects, such as doggie bowls, doorknobs, or clothing
Mechanical vectors–The hands of pet owners, veterinary clinic staff, and shelter workers
What disease should we screen for in breeding dogs?
Brucellosis
Contagious bacterial disease of dogs that cause reproductive disorders
Brucellosis
(Brucella canis)
Etiology of Canine Lyme Disease
Borrelia burgdorferi = sprochete bacteria
Transmission of Canine Lyme Disease
Tick borne disease; bite from infected tick
Clinical Signs of canine lyme disease
skins lesions, limb and joint dysfunction, Fever,; Swollen/painful joints
Shifting leg lameness
Lymphadenopathy
Diagnosis of canine lyme disease
Canine 4Dx ELISA test (in clinic) or antibody titer sent to diagnosticlab
Prevention of canine lyme disease
Tick prevention
Vaccines, 2 dose 2–3 weeks apart
Etiology of canine erlichiosis
Etiology-bacterial
Ehrlichia sp.
Anaplasma sp.
transmission of canine erlichiosis
transmission via tick bite
clinical signs canine erlichiosis
fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia. Variable signs of anorexia, depression, loss of stamina, stiffness and reluctance to walk, edema of the limbs or scrotum, and coughing or dyspnea may be seen.
diagnosis canine erlichiosis
canine 4DX elisa snap
prevention canine erlichiosis
tick prevention, treatment of clinical cases
no vaccine available
etiology rocky mountain spotted fever
Bacterial: Rickettsia rickettsii
transmission rocky mountain spotted fever
bite from infected tick
prevention rocky mountain spotted fever
tick prevention, treatment of clinical cases
no vaccine available
