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VETT 1110 Veterinary Diseases and Pathology > Canine Infectious Disease Lecture Review > Flashcards

Canine Infectious Disease Lecture Review Flashcards

1
Q

The core vaccine in dogs is called the DAPP vaccine. What does each letter stand for

A

D Distemper virus
A Adenovirus
P Parainfluenza virus
P Parvo virus

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2
Q

At what age should the DAPP vaccine be given in puppies

A

It should begin as early as 6 weeks

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3
Q

What is the recommended DAPP vaccine schedule for a 6 week old puppy?

A

6, 9, 12, 15 weeks ( (+/- 18 weeks in black and tan breeds)

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4
Q

A 10 week old toy poodle puppy presents for puppy vaccines. She has never received any vaccinations before. What will you recommend as her DAPP vaccine schedule?

A

She needs at least 2 after 12 weeks, so I would recommend a DAPP at 10, 13, and 16 weeks

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5
Q

An 8 week old Labrador puppy presents for acute anorexia, lethargy, vomiting and bloody diarrhea. The puppy had one DAPP vaccine at 5 weeks by the breeder. What infectious disease would be at the top of the DDx list for this puppy?

A

PARVO!!!

Of course, we should always get a thorough history to help us with our final diagnosis, but my number one suspicion here would be parvo.

Never forget the fecal exam, especially in young animals. It is very common for them to have concurrent infections with intestinal parasites.

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6
Q

The incubation period for parvo virus is

A

about 7 days

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7
Q

What are the common clinical signs of canine parvo virus

A

anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, dehydration, fever

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8
Q

True/False. Canine parvo virus is very unstable in the environment.

A

FALSE. It is very stable in the environment= viable for 6 MONTHS—1 YEAR

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9
Q

How is Canine parvo virus diagnosed

A

an in-house ELISA snap test, using feces (most commonly) or saliva

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10
Q

True or False. A patient diagnosed with canine parvo virus can be hospitalized along with the general population of hospital patients.

A

FALSE. HIGHLY contagious—ISOLATION!!

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11
Q

What is the treatment of canine parvo virus

A

SUPPORTIVE!!!
Fluids
Antibiotics (for sepsis)
Antiemetics
Nursing
Serum (from a dog that has recovered from Parvo)
NPO until V/D stop, then introduce bland diet

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12
Q

How would you describe to a client what Distemper is and why they should vaccinate their puppy?

A

Distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that affects all canines and is spread by aerosolization and direct contact. It causes multisystem disease that affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurologic systems.

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13
Q

An unvaccinated puppy showing clinical signs of oculonasal discharge, diarrhea and seizures should be considered to be potentially infected with:

A

Canine Distemper Virus

*remember this is a multisystemic disease seen in young, unvaccinated puppies

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14
Q

What is the mode of transmission of canine parvovirus?

A

horizontal: fecal-oral

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15
Q

What is the mode of transmission of canine distemper virus

A

horizontal: aerosol, direct contact (all body fluids)
vertical: transplacental

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16
Q

HARDPAD- hyperkeratosis of nose and footpads may be associated with

A

canine distemper virus

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17
Q

What is the etiology of leptospirosis?

A

Bacterial -

L. interrogans
L. icterohemorrhagica
L. caniola
L. pomona
L. grippotyphosa
L. bratislavia

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18
Q

How is leptospirosis transmitted to domestic animals

A

Oral ingestion of urine contaminated food & water and/or Ingestion of infected urine or rodent-contaminated garbage

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19
Q

Is leptospirosis zoonotic?

A

Yes. Urine through skin ( only when there is epidermal break down) or mucus membranes; +/-Fomites

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20
Q

What is the primary source of transmission of leptospirosis?

A

water sources that have been contaminated with urine from wildlife; slow moving or stagnant water and moist soil

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21
Q

What are the clinical signs of leptospirosis in canines?

A

fever
liver disease (elevated liver enzymes, icterus)
kidney disease (elevated kidney enzymes, anorexia, vomiting, dehydration)

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22
Q

What organ systems may be affected in a dog suffering from leptospirosis?

A

liver and kidney

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23
Q

How might leptospirosis be diagnosed in a patient?

A

ELISA snap test or antibody titers

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24
Q

At what age can a dog first be vaccinated against lepto?

A

12 weeks

24
Q

At what age can a dog first be vaccinated against lepto?

A

12 weeks

25
Q

What is the general rule of thumb regarding boosters for puppies?

A

should receive at least 2 doses after 12 weeks of age

26
Q

What is the most common side effect of the lepto vaccine?

A

injection site reaction (swollen/painful); however a true vaccine reaction may occur, as it is highly antigenic

27
Q

What is the etiology of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis

A

Bacterial:
Bordetella bronchiseptica (dogs < 6 months)
Mycoplasma
Viral:
Parainfluenza; Canine adenovirus (CAV-2); Reovirus 1,2,3 & herpes,

28
Q

What is the transmission of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis

A

Aerosol!!
Fomites over moderate time/distance
Direct contact: Excreted primarily from ocular, nasal and oral secretions

29
Q

What is the common name for Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis

A

Kennel Cough

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis

A

dry, hacky cough
(history of recent exposure at boarding, day care, groomer or vet clinic)

31
Q

What vaccine (s) protect against Canine Infectious Tracheobronchitis (Kennel Cough)?

A

Both the DAPP (Canine adenovirus (CAV-2) and Parainfluenza) and the Bordetella vaccine.

32
Q

Canine Infectious Hepatitis etiology

A

Canine Adenovirus 1(CAV-1)

33
Q

Transmission of Canine Infectious Hepatitis

A

Direct oronasal contact (Nasal discharge, Saliva)
Urine
Feces
Fomites!!!

34
Q

Clinical signs of Canine Infectious Hepatitis

A

Pathogenesis may affect multiple systems, including the respiratory tract, liver, kidney, eyes;

35
Q

Who is at high risk for Canine Infectious Hepatitis

A

young unvaccinated dogs, w/ risk of exposure to wildlife

36
Q

What vaccine protects against Canine Infectious Hepatitis

A

DAPP
The Adenovirus type 2 cross protects against ICH

37
Q

Why is Canine Adenovirus 1(CAV-1) no longer included in the DAPP vaccine?

A

It causes “blue eye”; The Adenovirus type 2 cross protects against ICH

38
Q

Canine coronavirus clinical signs?

A

gastroenteritis, typically less severe than parvo (unless co-infection)

39
Q

T/F. The canine corona virus vaccine is not routinely used in vet med

A

True. Coronavirus is typically very mild and by the time we would vaccinate, most puppies have already been exposed to the virus.

40
Q

Etiology of Canine Influenza Virus (CIV)

A

Viral (CIV H3N8 and CIV H3N2)

41
Q

T/F. CIV is a new virus, and dogs have no natural immunity to it

A

True!
Any dog that is in a closed room with other dogs for 6 hours is at risk!

42
Q

Transmission Canine Influenza

A

Horizontal
Direct contact, such as when dogs kiss, lick, or nuzzle each other
Droplets in the air from a cough or sneeze
Fomites–Contaminated objects, such as doggie bowls, doorknobs, or clothing
Mechanical vectors–The hands of pet owners, veterinary clinic staff, and shelter workers

43
Q

What disease should we screen for in breeding dogs?

A

Brucellosis

44
Q

Contagious bacterial disease of dogs that cause reproductive disorders

A

Brucellosis
(Brucella canis)

45
Q

Etiology of Canine Lyme Disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi = sprochete bacteria

46
Q

Transmission of Canine Lyme Disease

A

Tick borne disease; bite from infected tick

47
Q

Clinical Signs of canine lyme disease

A

skins lesions, limb and joint dysfunction, Fever,; Swollen/painful joints
Shifting leg lameness
Lymphadenopathy

48
Q

Diagnosis of canine lyme disease

A

Canine 4Dx ELISA test (in clinic) or antibody titer sent to diagnosticlab

49
Q

Prevention of canine lyme disease

A

Tick prevention
Vaccines, 2 dose 2–3 weeks apart

50
Q

Etiology of canine erlichiosis

A

Etiology-bacterial
Ehrlichia sp.
Anaplasma sp.

51
Q

transmission of canine erlichiosis

A

transmission via tick bite

52
Q

clinical signs canine erlichiosis

A

fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and thrombocytopenia. Variable signs of anorexia, depression, loss of stamina, stiffness and reluctance to walk, edema of the limbs or scrotum, and coughing or dyspnea may be seen.

53
Q

diagnosis canine erlichiosis

A

canine 4DX elisa snap

54
Q

prevention canine erlichiosis

A

tick prevention, treatment of clinical cases

no vaccine available

55
Q

etiology rocky mountain spotted fever

A

Bacterial: Rickettsia rickettsii

56
Q

transmission rocky mountain spotted fever

A

bite from infected tick

57
Q

prevention rocky mountain spotted fever

A

tick prevention, treatment of clinical cases

no vaccine available

VETT 1110 Veterinary Diseases and Pathology (11 decks)

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