QUIZ: Emergency Ops - Manual 13 - Final Assessment

Question 1

1. Who is responsible for determining and declaring that an emergency is expected to exist, exists, or has ceased to exist in any part of the PJM RTO or in any other balancing area that is interconnected directly or indirectly with the PJM RTO?

a. MISO
b. NERC
c. PJM
d. FERC

Answer 1

c. PJM

Question 2

2. If PJM determines that the forecasted load in the PJM RTO falls below what margin of the output of the self-scheduled resources and the total normal minimum generation of all PJM scheduled resources, PJM implements that alert and possibly minimum generation emergency procedures?

a. 1000 MWs
b. 1500 MWs
c. 2000 MWs
d. 2500 MWs

Answer 2

d. 2500 MWs

Question 3

3. PJM schedules reserves on what type of basis in order to ensure that differences in forecasted loads and forced generator outages does not negatively impact the reliable operation of the PJM transmission system?

a. Current day
b. Day-ahead
c. Weekly
d. Monthly

Answer 3

b. Day-ahead

Question 4

4. PJM is responsible for declaring the existence of an emergency, and for directing the operations of the PJM members as necessary to manage, alleviate, or end an emergency.

a. True
b. False

Answer 4

a. True

Question 5

5. There are three general levels of emergency actions for capacity shortages. Which of the following is NOT an emergency action?

a. Alerts
b. Texts
c. Warnings
d. Actions

Answer 5

b. Texts

Question 6

6. The PJM emergency alerts consists of all of the following EXCEPT?

a. Maximum emergency generation/load management alert
b. Primary reserve alert
c. Secondary reserve alert
d. Voltage reduction alert

Answer 6

c. Secondary reserve alert

Question 7

7. The PJM emergency warnings consists of all of the following EXCEPT?

a. Primary reserve warning
b. Voltage reduction warning/reduction of non-critical plant load
c. Manual load dump warning
d. Remote load dump warning

Answer 7

d. Remote load dump warning

Question 8

8. Who is responsible for the issuing of EEAs via the RCIS?

a. Transmission operators
b. Reliability coordinator
c. Balancing authority
d. Distribution providers

Answer 8

b. Reliability coordinator

Question 9

9. What is the purpose of the maximum emergency generation alert?

a. To provide an early alert that PJM emergency procedures may be required
b. Price awareness
c. Voltage reduction
d. Event reporting

Answer 9

a. To provide an early alert that PJM emergency procedures may be required

Question 10

10. What is the purpose of the voltage reduction alert?

a. Alert members that a voltage reduction may be required during a future critical period
b. Force members to reduce load
c. Force members to reduce voltage
d. Force members to increase reserves

Answer 10

a. Alert members that a voltage reduction may be required during a future critical period

Question 11

11. All warnings and actions are issued real-time

a. True
b. False

Answer 11

a. True

Question 12

12. Within the PJM RTO, how many warnings are there for capacity shortages?

a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five

Answer 12

b. Three

Question 13

13. Within the PJM RTO, how many actions are there for capacity shortages?

a. Three
b. Four
c. Five
d. Six

Answer 13

d. Six

Question 14

14. In order to warn members of the increasingly critical condition of present operations that may require manually dumping load describes what type of warning?

a. Manual load dump warning
b. Voltage reduction warning
c. Capacity reduction warning
d. Reserve reduction warning

Answer 14

a. Manual load dump warning

Question 15

15. The maximum emergency generation can only be included in the daily operating capacity when requested by PJM dispatch

a. True
b. False

Answer 15

a. True

Question 16

16. In the PJM RTO, voltage can be reduced at the distribution level by what percentage of nominal values depending on the area?

a. 1%-3%
b. 2.5%-5%
c. 5%-7%
d. 10%-15%

Answer 16

b. 2.5%-5%

Question 17

17. The implementation of emergency reducible generation curtailments is the responsibility of the PJM member. PJM should be notified if curtailment is expected to exceed what timeframe?

a. 5 minutes
b. 10 minutes
c. 15 minutes
d. 30 minutes

Answer 17

c. 15 minutes

Question 18

18. An alert is issued to prepare personnel and facilities for expected extreme cold weather conditions are called?

a. Cold weather alert
b. Warm weather alert
c. Freezing weather alert
d. Geomagnetic disturbance

Answer 18

a. Cold weather alert

Question 19

19. When scheduling for a period covered by a cold weather alert, PJM dispatcher may assume an unavailability factor for scheduled interchange that could range from what percentage?

a. 10%-15%
b. 25%-50%
c. 25%-75%
d. 50%-80%

Answer 19

c. 25%-75%

Question 20

20. An alert that is issued to prepare personnel and facilities for extreme hot and/or humid weather conditions which may cause capacity requirements/unit unavailability to be substantially higher than forecast are expected to persist for an extended period is called what?

a. Hot weather alert
b. Cold weather alert
c. Freezing weather alert
d. Geomagnetic disturbance

Answer 20

a. Hot weather alert

Question 21

21. Choose the company that doesn’t rely on natural gas-fired generation resources for a significant amount of their capacity.

a. PJM
b. ISONE
c. Hydro Quebec
d. NYISO

Answer 21

c. Hydro Quebec

Question 22

22. Geomagnetically-induced currents (GIC) are caused by what?

a. Earthquakes
b. Thunderstorms
c. Lightning
d. Geo-magnetic disturbances

Answer 22

d. Geo-magnetic disturbances

Question 23

23. Who cancels the heavy load voltage schedule when appropriate?

a. NERC
b. PJM dispatch
c. MISO
d. FERC

Answer 23

b. PJM dispatch

Question 24

24. The purpose of the IROL manual load dump action is to provide loading relief on IROL facilities as a last step to prevent exceeding an IROL limit for what time period?

a. 5 minutes
b. 10 minutes
c. 15 minutes
d. 30 minutes

Answer 24

d. 30 minutes

Question 25

25. How many steps are there for PJM implementing a TLR? a. Three b. Four c. Five d. Six

Answer 25

b. Four

Question 26

1. PJM member actions during a Primary Reserve Warning include which of the following? a. Ensure all deferrable maintenance or testing affecting capacity or critical transmission is halted b. Prepare for implementation of a voltage reduction action c. Implement load management programs, in addition to interrupting curtailable customers d. Review local procedures and prepare to dump load in the amount requested

Answer 26

a. Ensure all deferrable maintenance or testing affecting capacity or critical transmission is halted

Question 27

2. This type of capacity alert is issued when the estimated operating reserve capacity is less than the forecasted synchronized reserve requirement a. Minimum emergency generation alert b. Maximum emergency generation alert c. Voltage reduction alert d. Primary reserve alert

Answer 27

c. Voltage reduction alert

Question 28

3. During a hot or cold weather alert, certain resource limited units must be bid into the PJM market as “Max emergency” generation if their running time at maximum emergency output falls below a certain time. Match the unit type with the max emergency run time trigger point. a. 8 hours Gas CT b. 16 hours Steam c. 32 hours Oil or Diesel

Answer 28

8 - Gas, 16 - oil/diesel, 32 - steam

Question 29

4. The generating capacity reported on a SSR includes which of the following? Circle all that apply. a. Capacity from any offline units that can be synchronized within 30 minutes b. Capacity from online generation that is available within 10 minutes c. Capacity from offline hydro and CT units that can be synchronized within 10 minutes d. Total capacity from online generation

Answer 29

C and D

Question 30

5. Operating reserve is comprised of which of the following types of reserves? a. Dynamic b. Contingency c. Reactive d. Regulation

Answer 30

B

Question 31

6. On a daily basis, PJM always makes sure to schedule enough required generating capacity. What defines “required capacity”? a. Load forecasts, imports, and reserves b. Sales, reserves, and imports c. Regulation, sales, and reserves d. Load forecast, sales, and reserves

Answer 31

d. Load forecast, sales, and reserves

Question 32

7. What is the purpose of a capacity emergency warning? (Select 2) a. To keep members informed of actual capacity shortages or contingencies that may jeopardize reliability b. To inform NERC of expected RTO status for future failure c. To ask members to take specific actions in order to provide relief to the PJM system d. To keep all affected system personnel aware of the forecast and/or actual status of the PJM RTO

Answer 32

A and D

Question 33

8. What is the requested response time for members to reply to a request for SSR data? a. 10 minutes b. 30 minutes c. 1 hour d. Within the operating day

Answer 33

a. 10 minutes

Question 34

9. A unit is considered to be resource limited if it has less than how many hours of running time at rated capacity because of fuel or other resource limitations? a. 8 b. 16 c. 32 d. 72

Answer 34

d. 72

Question 35

10. A manual load dump warning will be issued when: a. Actual synchronized reserves are less than the synchronized reserve requirement b. Primary reserve is less than the largest generating unit or the loss of a transmission facility jeopardizes reliability after all possible measures have been taken to increase reserves c. Primary reserves are less than the primary reserve requirement d. PJM dispatchers can no longer match the decreasing load and utilization of emergency reducible generation that is necessary

Answer 35

b. Primary reserve is less than the largest generating unit or the loss of a transmission facility jeopardizes reliability after all possible measures have been taken to increase reserves

Question 36

11. The purpose of reserve generation is to enable PJM to restore tie lines to a pre-contingency state within what time frame of a contingency causing an imbalance between load and generation? a. 10 minutes b. 15 minutes c. 30 minutes d. 60 minutes

Answer 36

a. 10 minutes

Question 37

12. The activation of reserves is used to control for all of the following EXCEPT: a. Voltage drop violations b. Loss of generation c. Control of reactive transfer interfaces d. Recovering a low ACE

Answer 37

a. Voltage drop violations