1.2 Intro to Markets

Question 1

Operating Reserve

Answer 1

Generation or load reduction that can be fully utilized within 30 min of request.

Question 2

Primary Reserve -

NERC equivalent & time? PJM time?

Answer 2

NERC Contingency Reserves (available within 15 min)

PJM Primary Reserve available w/in 10 min.

Question 3

Primary Reserve - 2 categories?

Answer 3

Synchronized

Non-synchronized (quick start)

Question 4

Synchronized Reserves examples

Answer 4

• Increased output from synched generator
• reduction in load of pumped hydro synched in pumping mode
• maximum output from synchronous condenser

Question 5

Quick Start (non synched) Reserves examples

Answer 5

• interruptible demand resources
• run of river hydro
• industrial combustion turbines
• diesels

Question 6

Supplemental Reserve

Answer 6

avail w/in 10-30 min

does not need to be synchronized