Quiz 9 (Respiratory) Flashcards
Bones of the nasal septum
vomer
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
hyaline cartilage
nostrils
external nares
opening behind the nasal conchae
internal nares
functions of the nasal conchae
create turbulence
slow air movement
additional time for warming, humidification, and dust removal
Three nasal conchae
superior/middle/inferior conchae
grooves under each of the three nasal conchae
superior/middle/inferior meatuses
Functions of the paranasal sinuses
lighten skull
moisten air
sound resonance
produce mucus
4 paranasal sinuses
maxillary sinuses
frontal sinuses
ethmoid sinuses
sphenoid sinuses
Three regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharnx
structures in the nasopharynx
pharyngeal tonsil
opening of auditory tube
nasopharynx goes from here to here
internal nares to uvula
tissue of the nasopharynx
psudostratfied ciliated columnar epithelium
oropharynx goes from here to here
uvula to epiglottis
tissue of the oropharynx
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
tissue of the of laryngopharynx
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
voice box, from superior edge of thyroid cartilage to inferior edge of cricoid cartilage
larynx
vocal cords (or ligaments)
false vocal cords (vestibular folds)
true vocal cords
superior, no role in sound production, keep food out of the glottis
false vocal cords
play role in sound production, inferior
true vocal cords
narrowed passageway through the larynx
glottis
unpaired cartilage of the larynx
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
epiglottis
paired cartilage of the larynx
arytenoid cartilage
corniculate cartilage
cuneiform cartilage
middle known as the adams apple, made of hyaline cartilage
thyroid cartilage
inferior to thyroid cartilage, wraps all the way around, hyaline cartilage
cricoid cartilage
covers glottis while swallowing
epiglottis
These two structures are elastic cartilage
epiglottis
cuneiform cartilage
posterior on the cricoid, largest and most inferior, hyaline cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
posterior on the cricoid, smallest and in the middle, hyaline cartilage
corniculate cartilage
posterior on the cricoid, most superior
cuneiform cartilage
Everything inferior to this and including this structure is in the thoracic cavity
trachea
wind pipe
trachea
tissue of the wind pipe
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
tracheal cartilage type
hyaline cartilage
discribe the tracheal cartilage (rings)
rings around the anterior and lateral sides of trachea that do not gow all the way around the posterior side
reason for tracheal ring shape
accommodate change in esophagus
posterior side of the trachea, allows the diameter of the trachea to change while breathing in and out, connects the tracheal rings posteriorly
Trachealis muscle
Two parts of the respiratory tract
upper and lower
two zones of the respiratory tract
respiratory zone
conducting zone
functions of the lungs
exchange of gases
regulation of blood pH
sound production
filtering of air
path air takes to get to lungs that has no gas exchange
conduction zone
gas exchange occurs in this zone
respiratory zone
conduction zone pathway
nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx larynx trachea carina primary bronchi secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles
respiratory zone pathway
respiratory broncheioles
alveolar ducts
alveolar sacs
alveoli
supply air to bronchopulmonary segments
tertiary bronchi
where trachea biforcates into right and left primary bronchi
carina
approx. 25 orders of branching total of these in the lung
bronchi
one of these for each lobe of the lung
secondary bronchi
lobes of the right lung
superior
middle
inferior
lobes of the left lung
superior
inferior
which lung is larger
right
space where lymphatic tissue, bronchi, blood vessels enter and exit the lung
hilum
lobes of lungs
right has 3
left has 2
fissure present on both lungs
oblique fissure
fissure on the right lobe only
horizontal fissure
oblique fissure seperates these lobes
right-middle/inferior
left-superior/inferior
horizontal fissure seperates these lobes
right-middle and superior lobe
small compartments in each bronchopulmonary segment
lobules
make up the lobules where gas exchange occurs
alveoli
alveoli produce this for this reason
surfactant to keep alveoli from collapsing
serous membrane that adheres directly to lungs
visceral pleura
serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
space between the pleural membranes
pleural cavity
primary muscle of the respiratory system, lungs sit on it
diaphragm
diaphragm is innterfvated by
phrenic nerve
strong aponeurosis situated at the center of the diaphragm that serves as the tendon insertion for all muscular fibers of the diaphragm
central tendon
Pulmonary arteries are more this, than pulmonary veins
resilient
