Quiz 11 (Urinary, and reproduction) Flashcards
Functions of the kidneys include (4)
Maintaining body homeostasis
water balance
blood pressure
eliminating waste products
Where structures enter/ext the kidney
renal hilus
shorter of the two nephron types
cortical nephrons
longer of the two nephron types
juxtamedullary nephron
why are the juxtamedullary nephrons longer
more absorption
outer layer of the kidney
renal cortex
portions of renal cortex that project inwardly towards the medulla and separate the renal pyramids
renal columns
contains the renal pyramids and papilla
renal medulla
16-18 of these per kidney, part of the renal medulla
renal pyramids
tip of the renal pyramids that project into the renal sinus
renal papilla
structures of the renal sinus
renal pelvis
minor calyx
major calyx
2 or more major calyx
renal pelvis
cuplike structures that catch filtrate from renal papilla
minor calyx
first point the filtrate becomes urine
minor calyx
2 or more minor calyx
major calyx
functional units of the kidney
cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons
three functions of the nephrons
glomerular filtration
tubular secretion
tubular reabsorption
the bowman’s capsule and glomerulus form this
renal corpuscle
cup shaped bulbs where filtration takes place
renal corpuscle
surrounds glomerulus
bowman’s capsule
capillary network in the renal corpuscle
glomerulus
proximal tube structure
proximal convoluted tubule
decending and ascending limbs
loop of henle
distal tube structure
distal convoluted tubule
most distal portion of distal convoluted tubule
collecting/connecting tubule
filtrate from several nephrons empty into this structure
collecting duct
where collecting duct passes by the renal papillae (continuous with collecting duct)
papillary duct (within renal papillae)
blood enters the glomerulus through via this
afferent arteriole
blood exits the glomerulus tia this
efferent arteriole
juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of these cell types
cells of the distal convoluted tubule and afferent arteriole
the juxtaglomerular apparatus does this
regulates blood pressure
tube carrying urine away from kidney
ureters
recieves urine from ureters
urinary bladder
cell type in the urinary bladder
transitional epithelium for stretch, temporary storage
urethra structures in the male (in order of passing through from the urinary bladder)
prostatic urethra
memberanous urethra
spongy urethra
urethra structures in the female
urethra
Filtrate and urine pathway
glomerular (bowmen's) capsule proximal convoluted tubule decending loop of henle ascending loop of henle distal convoluted tubule collecting/connecting tubule collecting duct papillary duct minor calyx major calyx renal pelvis kidney ureters urinary bladder various urethras depending on sex external urethral orifice
pouch of skin suspended inferior to the perineum and anterior to the anus
scrotum
the dermis of the scrotum contains a layer of smooth muscle called, assists in elevation of the testies
dartos muscle
skeletal muscle that lies deep to the dermis in the scrotum
cremaster muscle
dense finberous layer that surrounds the testis and is covered by the tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
roughly 800 slender tubes that are nearly .5 miles long and are the site of sperm production
seminiferous tubules
serous membrane that covers the outside of each testis and lines the scrotal cavity
tunica vaginalis
tissue lining the epididymis
pseudostratified columnar epithelium with long sterocilia
lies along the posterior border of the testis, and is the p;lace the spermatozoa develop after leaving the seminiferous tubules
epididymis
two tissues of the ductus deferns
pseudostratifited columnar epithelium with sterocilia
smooth muscle
transports and stores spermatozoa for several months after leaving the epididymis
ductus deferns
short passage that penetrates the muscular wall of the prostate gland and empties into the urethra
ejaculatory duct
Narrow canals linking the scrotal chambers with the peritoneal cavity which the spermatic cords pass through
inguinal canal
consist of layers of fascia, tough connective tissue, and muscle enclosing the blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics supplying the testes
spermatic cords
part of the spermatic cord that is associated with the testicular vein
pampiniform plexus
extremely active secretory glands with pseudostratified columnar epithelial lining
seminal vesicles
seminal vesicle secretions make up this amount of the volume of semen, excretion contains prostaglandins, clotting proteins, high concentrations of fructose
60%
small muscular, rounded organ.that produces a weakly acidic secretion that contributes 20-30 % of the volume of semen
prostate gland
tissue types composing the prostate gland
compound tubuloalveolar glands
simple/pseudostratified columnar epithelium
part of male urethra that passes through the prostate
prostatic urethra
glands located in the base of the penis, produce a thick, sticky alkaline mucus
bulbo-urethral glands
another name for bulbo-urethral gland
cowper’s glands
muscular layer that extends between the pubic bones
urogenital diaphragm
tissue type of the bulbo-urethral glands
simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelium
shortest segment of the urethra in males that passes through the urogenital diaphragm
membranous urethra
two cylindrical structures that are seperated by a thing septum and encircled by a dense collagenous sheath
corpora cavernosa
at their bases the corpora cavernosa diverge into these structures
crura
tissue that surrounds the spongy urethra
corpus spongiosum
the thickened proximal end of the corpus spongiosum
bulb
urethra that passes thorugh the corpus spongiosum
spongy (penile) urethra
foreskin, folds that surrounds the tip of the penis
prepuse
the expanded distal end that surrounds the external urethral orifice
glans penis
external opening of the urethra
external urethral orifice
orchiectomy
removal of a testis
skin of the neck and the inner surface of the prepuce secrete a waxy material called
smegma
surgical removal of the prepuce
circumcision
female gamates are formed here
ovaries
extensive mesentry that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus
broad ligament
extends from the lateral surface of the ovary past the open end of the uterine tube to the pelvic wall
suspensory ligament
extends from the lateral wall of the uterus near the attachment of the uterine tube to the medial surface of the ovary
ovarian ligament
ferilization occurs here and communicates between the ovaries and uterus
uterine tubes
a short segment adjacent to the uterine wall after the ampulla
isthmus
intermediate portion of the uterine tube, thickness of the smooth muscle layers in the wall of the ampulla greatly increases as it approaches the uterus
ampulla
the end closest to the ovary forms and expanded funnel with numerous fingerlike projections that extend into the pelvic cavity
infundibulum
The finger like projections in the infundibulum are call this
fimbriae
provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo and fetus.
uterus
uterus bends anteriorly near its base
anteflexion
uterus bends backwards toward the sacrum
retroflexion
largest region of the uterus
body (corpus)
rounded portion of the body superior to the attachment of the uterine tubes
fundus
structure between the cervical canal and internal orifice
uterine cavity
the internal opening of the uterus
internal orifice/os
inferior portion that extends from the isthmus to the vagina
cervix
the external os leads into this, which is a constricted passageway that opens into the uterine cavity
cervical canal
within the vagina the distal end of the cervix forms a curving surface surroundsing this external opening of the uterus
external os
layers of the uterine wall (internal to external)
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
muscular outer wall of the uterus
myometrium
inner glandular wall of the uterus
endometrium (mucosa)
incomplete outer serosal layer of the uterus
perimetrium
makes up 10% of uterus mass
endometrium
makes up 90% of the uterus mass
myometrium
elastic, muscular tube extending from the cervix of the uterus to the vestibule, a space bounded by the external genitalia
vagina
shallow recesses surrounding the cervical protrusion in the vagina
anterior/posterior fornices (sing, fornix)
Look up what this is
vaginal orifice
the vagina and vestibule are separated by an elastic epithelial fold which may portially or completely block the entrance to the vagina
hymen
part of the outer limits of the vulva are established by this prominent bulge which is formed by adipose tissue beneath the skin anterior to the pubic symphysis
mons pubis
adipose tissues accumulates within this fleshy structure which are homologous to the scrotum of males
labia majora
bounds the vaginal vestibule which is a structure covered in smooth, hairless skin
labia manora
the vagina opens into this space
vestibule
anterior to the urethral opening which projects into the vestibule. internally it contains erectile tissue homolgous with the corpora cavernosa in males
clitoris (glans)
extension of the labia minora which encircles the body of the clitoris, hood
prepuce
these discharge secretions onto the exposed surface of the vestibule and into the vestibule near the posterolateral margins of the vaginal entrance. Resemble the bulbo-urethral glands of the male
vestibular glands
small conical projection where ducts of underlying mammary glands open onto the body surface
nipple
reddish brown skin surrounding each nipple. presence of large sebaceous glands
areola
ducts leaving the lobules converge and give rise to this structure within the breast
lactiferous duct
Homologous structures: corpus spongiosum
vestibular bulb
Homologous structures: testes
ovaries
Homologous structures: scrotum
labia majora
Homologous structures: corpora cavernosa
clitoris
Homologous structures: bulbo-urethral gland
vestibular glands (greater)
Homologous structures: vas deferens
round ligament
Homologous structures: prostate gland
skene’s gland
Pathway of sperm
seminiferous tubules epididymis vas deferens ampulla of vas deferens ejaculatory duct prostatic urethra membranous urethra spongy urethra external urethral orifice
erectile tissue that grips the penis as it enters the vagina
vestibular bulbs