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Anatomy Lab > Quiz 11 (Urinary, and reproduction) > Flashcards

Quiz 11 (Urinary, and reproduction) Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the kidneys include (4)

A

Maintaining body homeostasis
water balance
blood pressure
eliminating waste products

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2
Q

Where structures enter/ext the kidney

A

renal hilus

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3
Q

shorter of the two nephron types

A

cortical nephrons

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4
Q

longer of the two nephron types

A

juxtamedullary nephron

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5
Q

why are the juxtamedullary nephrons longer

A

more absorption

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6
Q

outer layer of the kidney

A

renal cortex

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7
Q

portions of renal cortex that project inwardly towards the medulla and separate the renal pyramids

A

renal columns

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8
Q

contains the renal pyramids and papilla

A

renal medulla

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9
Q

16-18 of these per kidney, part of the renal medulla

A

renal pyramids

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10
Q

tip of the renal pyramids that project into the renal sinus

A

renal papilla

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11
Q

structures of the renal sinus

A

renal pelvis
minor calyx
major calyx

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12
Q

2 or more major calyx

A

renal pelvis

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13
Q

cuplike structures that catch filtrate from renal papilla

A

minor calyx

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14
Q

first point the filtrate becomes urine

A

minor calyx

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15
Q

2 or more minor calyx

A

major calyx

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16
Q

functional units of the kidney

A

cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

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17
Q

three functions of the nephrons

A

glomerular filtration
tubular secretion
tubular reabsorption

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18
Q

the bowman’s capsule and glomerulus form this

A

renal corpuscle

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19
Q

cup shaped bulbs where filtration takes place

A

renal corpuscle

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20
Q

surrounds glomerulus

A

bowman’s capsule

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21
Q

capillary network in the renal corpuscle

A

glomerulus

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22
Q

proximal tube structure

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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23
Q

decending and ascending limbs

A

loop of henle

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24
Q

distal tube structure

A

distal convoluted tubule

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25
Q

most distal portion of distal convoluted tubule

A

collecting/connecting tubule

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26
Q

filtrate from several nephrons empty into this structure

A

collecting duct

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27
Q

where collecting duct passes by the renal papillae (continuous with collecting duct)

A

papillary duct (within renal papillae)

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28
Q

blood enters the glomerulus through via this

A

afferent arteriole

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29
Q

blood exits the glomerulus tia this

A

efferent arteriole

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30
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of these cell types

A

cells of the distal convoluted tubule and afferent arteriole

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31
Q

the juxtaglomerular apparatus does this

A

regulates blood pressure

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32
Q

tube carrying urine away from kidney

A

ureters

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33
Q

recieves urine from ureters

A

urinary bladder

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34
Q

cell type in the urinary bladder

A

transitional epithelium for stretch, temporary storage

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35
Q

urethra structures in the male (in order of passing through from the urinary bladder)

A

prostatic urethra
memberanous urethra
spongy urethra

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36
Q

urethra structures in the female

A

urethra

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37
Q

Filtrate and urine pathway

A 
glomerular (bowmen's) capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
decending loop of henle
ascending loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule
collecting/connecting tubule
collecting duct
papillary duct
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
kidney
ureters
urinary bladder
various urethras depending on sex
external urethral orifice
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38
Q

pouch of skin suspended inferior to the perineum and anterior to the anus

A

scrotum

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39
Q

the dermis of the scrotum contains a layer of smooth muscle called, assists in elevation of the testies

A

dartos muscle

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40
Q

skeletal muscle that lies deep to the dermis in the scrotum

A

cremaster muscle

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41
Q

dense finberous layer that surrounds the testis and is covered by the tunica vaginalis

A

tunica albuginea

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42
Q

roughly 800 slender tubes that are nearly .5 miles long and are the site of sperm production

A

seminiferous tubules

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43
Q

serous membrane that covers the outside of each testis and lines the scrotal cavity

A

tunica vaginalis

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44
Q

tissue lining the epididymis

A

pseudostratified columnar epithelium with long sterocilia

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45
Q

lies along the posterior border of the testis, and is the p;lace the spermatozoa develop after leaving the seminiferous tubules

A

epididymis

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46
Q

two tissues of the ductus deferns

A

pseudostratifited columnar epithelium with sterocilia

smooth muscle

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47
Q

transports and stores spermatozoa for several months after leaving the epididymis

A

ductus deferns

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48
Q

short passage that penetrates the muscular wall of the prostate gland and empties into the urethra

A

ejaculatory duct

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49
Q

Narrow canals linking the scrotal chambers with the peritoneal cavity which the spermatic cords pass through

A

inguinal canal

50
Q

consist of layers of fascia, tough connective tissue, and muscle enclosing the blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics supplying the testes

A

spermatic cords

51
Q

part of the spermatic cord that is associated with the testicular vein

A

pampiniform plexus

52
Q

extremely active secretory glands with pseudostratified columnar epithelial lining

A

seminal vesicles

53
Q

seminal vesicle secretions make up this amount of the volume of semen, excretion contains prostaglandins, clotting proteins, high concentrations of fructose

A

60%

54
Q

small muscular, rounded organ.that produces a weakly acidic secretion that contributes 20-30 % of the volume of semen

A

prostate gland

55
Q

tissue types composing the prostate gland

A

compound tubuloalveolar glands

simple/pseudostratified columnar epithelium

56
Q

part of male urethra that passes through the prostate

A

prostatic urethra

57
Q

glands located in the base of the penis, produce a thick, sticky alkaline mucus

A

bulbo-urethral glands

58
Q

another name for bulbo-urethral gland

A

cowper’s glands

59
Q

muscular layer that extends between the pubic bones

A

urogenital diaphragm

60
Q

tissue type of the bulbo-urethral glands

A

simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelium

61
Q

shortest segment of the urethra in males that passes through the urogenital diaphragm

A

membranous urethra

62
Q

two cylindrical structures that are seperated by a thing septum and encircled by a dense collagenous sheath

A

corpora cavernosa

63
Q

at their bases the corpora cavernosa diverge into these structures

A

crura

64
Q

tissue that surrounds the spongy urethra

A

corpus spongiosum

65
Q

the thickened proximal end of the corpus spongiosum

A

bulb

66
Q

urethra that passes thorugh the corpus spongiosum

A

spongy (penile) urethra

67
Q

foreskin, folds that surrounds the tip of the penis

A

prepuse

68
Q

the expanded distal end that surrounds the external urethral orifice

A

glans penis

69
Q

external opening of the urethra

A

external urethral orifice

70
Q

orchiectomy

A

removal of a testis

71
Q

skin of the neck and the inner surface of the prepuce secrete a waxy material called

A

smegma

72
Q

surgical removal of the prepuce

A

circumcision

73
Q

female gamates are formed here

A

ovaries

74
Q

extensive mesentry that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus

A

broad ligament

75
Q

extends from the lateral surface of the ovary past the open end of the uterine tube to the pelvic wall

A

suspensory ligament

76
Q

extends from the lateral wall of the uterus near the attachment of the uterine tube to the medial surface of the ovary

A

ovarian ligament

77
Q

ferilization occurs here and communicates between the ovaries and uterus

A

uterine tubes

78
Q

a short segment adjacent to the uterine wall after the ampulla

A

isthmus

79
Q

intermediate portion of the uterine tube, thickness of the smooth muscle layers in the wall of the ampulla greatly increases as it approaches the uterus

A

ampulla

80
Q

the end closest to the ovary forms and expanded funnel with numerous fingerlike projections that extend into the pelvic cavity

A

infundibulum

81
Q

The finger like projections in the infundibulum are call this

A

fimbriae

82
Q

provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo and fetus.

A

uterus

83
Q

uterus bends anteriorly near its base

A

anteflexion

84
Q

uterus bends backwards toward the sacrum

A

retroflexion

85
Q

largest region of the uterus

A

body (corpus)

86
Q

rounded portion of the body superior to the attachment of the uterine tubes

A

fundus

87
Q

structure between the cervical canal and internal orifice

A

uterine cavity

88
Q

the internal opening of the uterus

A

internal orifice/os

89
Q

inferior portion that extends from the isthmus to the vagina

A

cervix

90
Q

the external os leads into this, which is a constricted passageway that opens into the uterine cavity

A

cervical canal

91
Q

within the vagina the distal end of the cervix forms a curving surface surroundsing this external opening of the uterus

A

external os

92
Q

layers of the uterine wall (internal to external)

A

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

93
Q

muscular outer wall of the uterus

A

myometrium

94
Q

inner glandular wall of the uterus

A

endometrium (mucosa)

95
Q

incomplete outer serosal layer of the uterus

A

perimetrium

96
Q

makes up 10% of uterus mass

A

endometrium

97
Q

makes up 90% of the uterus mass

A

myometrium

98
Q

elastic, muscular tube extending from the cervix of the uterus to the vestibule, a space bounded by the external genitalia

A

vagina

99
Q

shallow recesses surrounding the cervical protrusion in the vagina

A

anterior/posterior fornices (sing, fornix)

100
Q

Look up what this is

A

vaginal orifice

101
Q

the vagina and vestibule are separated by an elastic epithelial fold which may portially or completely block the entrance to the vagina

A

hymen

102
Q

part of the outer limits of the vulva are established by this prominent bulge which is formed by adipose tissue beneath the skin anterior to the pubic symphysis

A

mons pubis

103
Q

adipose tissues accumulates within this fleshy structure which are homologous to the scrotum of males

A

labia majora

104
Q

bounds the vaginal vestibule which is a structure covered in smooth, hairless skin

A

labia manora

105
Q

the vagina opens into this space

A

vestibule

106
Q

anterior to the urethral opening which projects into the vestibule. internally it contains erectile tissue homolgous with the corpora cavernosa in males

A

clitoris (glans)

107
Q

extension of the labia minora which encircles the body of the clitoris, hood

A

prepuce

108
Q

these discharge secretions onto the exposed surface of the vestibule and into the vestibule near the posterolateral margins of the vaginal entrance. Resemble the bulbo-urethral glands of the male

A

vestibular glands

109
Q

small conical projection where ducts of underlying mammary glands open onto the body surface

A

nipple

110
Q

reddish brown skin surrounding each nipple. presence of large sebaceous glands

A

areola

111
Q

ducts leaving the lobules converge and give rise to this structure within the breast

A

lactiferous duct

112
Q

Homologous structures: corpus spongiosum

A

vestibular bulb

113
Q

Homologous structures: testes

A

ovaries

114
Q

Homologous structures: scrotum

A

labia majora

115
Q

Homologous structures: corpora cavernosa

A

clitoris

116
Q

Homologous structures: bulbo-urethral gland

A

vestibular glands (greater)

117
Q

Homologous structures: vas deferens

A

round ligament

118
Q

Homologous structures: prostate gland

A

skene’s gland

119
Q

Pathway of sperm

A 
seminiferous tubules
epididymis
vas deferens
ampulla of vas deferens
ejaculatory duct
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
spongy urethra
external urethral orifice
120
Q

erectile tissue that grips the penis as it enters the vagina

A

vestibular bulbs

Anatomy Lab (12 decks)

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