Quiz 11 (Urinary, and reproduction) Flashcards
1
Q
Functions of the kidneys include (4)
A
Maintaining body homeostasis
water balance
blood pressure
eliminating waste products
2
Q
Where structures enter/ext the kidney
A
renal hilus
3
Q
shorter of the two nephron types
A
cortical nephrons
4
Q
longer of the two nephron types
A
juxtamedullary nephron
5
Q
why are the juxtamedullary nephrons longer
A
more absorption
6
Q
outer layer of the kidney
A
renal cortex
7
Q
portions of renal cortex that project inwardly towards the medulla and separate the renal pyramids
A
renal columns
8
Q
contains the renal pyramids and papilla
A
renal medulla
9
Q
16-18 of these per kidney, part of the renal medulla
A
renal pyramids
10
Q
tip of the renal pyramids that project into the renal sinus
A
renal papilla
11
Q
structures of the renal sinus
A
renal pelvis
minor calyx
major calyx
12
Q
2 or more major calyx
A
renal pelvis
13
Q
cuplike structures that catch filtrate from renal papilla
A
minor calyx
14
Q
first point the filtrate becomes urine
A
minor calyx
15
Q
2 or more minor calyx
A
major calyx
16
Q
functional units of the kidney
A
cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons
17
Q
three functions of the nephrons
A
glomerular filtration
tubular secretion
tubular reabsorption
18
Q
the bowman’s capsule and glomerulus form this
A
renal corpuscle
19
Q
cup shaped bulbs where filtration takes place
A
renal corpuscle
20
Q
surrounds glomerulus
A
bowman’s capsule
21
Q
capillary network in the renal corpuscle
A
glomerulus
22
Q
proximal tube structure
A
proximal convoluted tubule
23
Q
decending and ascending limbs
A
loop of henle
24
Q
distal tube structure
A
distal convoluted tubule
25
most distal portion of distal convoluted tubule
collecting/connecting tubule
26
filtrate from several nephrons empty into this structure
collecting duct
27
where collecting duct passes by the renal papillae (continuous with collecting duct)
papillary duct (within renal papillae)
28
blood enters the glomerulus through via this
afferent arteriole
29
blood exits the glomerulus tia this
efferent arteriole
30
juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of these cell types
cells of the distal convoluted tubule and afferent arteriole
31
the juxtaglomerular apparatus does this
regulates blood pressure
32
tube carrying urine away from kidney
ureters
33
recieves urine from ureters
urinary bladder
34
cell type in the urinary bladder
transitional epithelium for stretch, temporary storage
35
urethra structures in the male (in order of passing through from the urinary bladder)
prostatic urethra
memberanous urethra
spongy urethra
36
urethra structures in the female
urethra
37
Filtrate and urine pathway
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glomerular (bowmen's) capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
decending loop of henle
ascending loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule
collecting/connecting tubule
collecting duct
papillary duct
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
kidney
ureters
urinary bladder
various urethras depending on sex
external urethral orifice
```
38
pouch of skin suspended inferior to the perineum and anterior to the anus
scrotum
39
the dermis of the scrotum contains a layer of smooth muscle called, assists in elevation of the testies
dartos muscle
40
skeletal muscle that lies deep to the dermis in the scrotum
cremaster muscle
41
dense finberous layer that surrounds the testis and is covered by the tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
42
roughly 800 slender tubes that are nearly .5 miles long and are the site of sperm production
seminiferous tubules
43
serous membrane that covers the outside of each testis and lines the scrotal cavity
tunica vaginalis
44
tissue lining the epididymis
pseudostratified columnar epithelium with long sterocilia
45
lies along the posterior border of the testis, and is the p;lace the spermatozoa develop after leaving the seminiferous tubules
epididymis
46
two tissues of the ductus deferns
pseudostratifited columnar epithelium with sterocilia
| smooth muscle
47
transports and stores spermatozoa for several months after leaving the epididymis
ductus deferns
48
short passage that penetrates the muscular wall of the prostate gland and empties into the urethra
ejaculatory duct
49
Narrow canals linking the scrotal chambers with the peritoneal cavity which the spermatic cords pass through
inguinal canal
50
consist of layers of fascia, tough connective tissue, and muscle enclosing the blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics supplying the testes
spermatic cords
51
part of the spermatic cord that is associated with the testicular vein
pampiniform plexus
52
extremely active secretory glands with pseudostratified columnar epithelial lining
seminal vesicles
53
seminal vesicle secretions make up this amount of the volume of semen, excretion contains prostaglandins, clotting proteins, high concentrations of fructose
60%
54
small muscular, rounded organ.that produces a weakly acidic secretion that contributes 20-30 % of the volume of semen
prostate gland
55
tissue types composing the prostate gland
compound tubuloalveolar glands
| simple/pseudostratified columnar epithelium
56
part of male urethra that passes through the prostate
prostatic urethra
57
glands located in the base of the penis, produce a thick, sticky alkaline mucus
bulbo-urethral glands
58
another name for bulbo-urethral gland
cowper's glands
59
muscular layer that extends between the pubic bones
urogenital diaphragm
60
tissue type of the bulbo-urethral glands
simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelium
61
shortest segment of the urethra in males that passes through the urogenital diaphragm
membranous urethra
62
two cylindrical structures that are seperated by a thing septum and encircled by a dense collagenous sheath
corpora cavernosa
63
at their bases the corpora cavernosa diverge into these structures
crura
64
tissue that surrounds the spongy urethra
corpus spongiosum
65
the thickened proximal end of the corpus spongiosum
bulb
66
urethra that passes thorugh the corpus spongiosum
spongy (penile) urethra
67
foreskin, folds that surrounds the tip of the penis
prepuse
68
the expanded distal end that surrounds the external urethral orifice
glans penis
69
external opening of the urethra
external urethral orifice
70
orchiectomy
removal of a testis
71
skin of the neck and the inner surface of the prepuce secrete a waxy material called
smegma
72
surgical removal of the prepuce
circumcision
73
female gamates are formed here
ovaries
74
extensive mesentry that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus
broad ligament
75
extends from the lateral surface of the ovary past the open end of the uterine tube to the pelvic wall
suspensory ligament
76
extends from the lateral wall of the uterus near the attachment of the uterine tube to the medial surface of the ovary
ovarian ligament
77
ferilization occurs here and communicates between the ovaries and uterus
uterine tubes
78
a short segment adjacent to the uterine wall after the ampulla
isthmus
79
intermediate portion of the uterine tube, thickness of the smooth muscle layers in the wall of the ampulla greatly increases as it approaches the uterus
ampulla
80
the end closest to the ovary forms and expanded funnel with numerous fingerlike projections that extend into the pelvic cavity
infundibulum
81
The finger like projections in the infundibulum are call this
fimbriae
82
provides mechanical protection, nutritional support, and waste removal for the developing embryo and fetus.
uterus
83
uterus bends anteriorly near its base
anteflexion
84
uterus bends backwards toward the sacrum
retroflexion
85
largest region of the uterus
body (corpus)
86
rounded portion of the body superior to the attachment of the uterine tubes
fundus
87
structure between the cervical canal and internal orifice
uterine cavity
88
the internal opening of the uterus
internal orifice/os
89
inferior portion that extends from the isthmus to the vagina
cervix
90
the external os leads into this, which is a constricted passageway that opens into the uterine cavity
cervical canal
91
within the vagina the distal end of the cervix forms a curving surface surroundsing this external opening of the uterus
external os
92
layers of the uterine wall (internal to external)
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
93
muscular outer wall of the uterus
myometrium
94
inner glandular wall of the uterus
endometrium (mucosa)
95
incomplete outer serosal layer of the uterus
perimetrium
96
makes up 10% of uterus mass
endometrium
97
makes up 90% of the uterus mass
myometrium
98
elastic, muscular tube extending from the cervix of the uterus to the vestibule, a space bounded by the external genitalia
vagina
99
shallow recesses surrounding the cervical protrusion in the vagina
anterior/posterior fornices (sing, fornix)
100
Look up what this is
vaginal orifice
101
the vagina and vestibule are separated by an elastic epithelial fold which may portially or completely block the entrance to the vagina
hymen
102
part of the outer limits of the vulva are established by this prominent bulge which is formed by adipose tissue beneath the skin anterior to the pubic symphysis
mons pubis
103
adipose tissues accumulates within this fleshy structure which are homologous to the scrotum of males
labia majora
104
bounds the vaginal vestibule which is a structure covered in smooth, hairless skin
labia manora
105
the vagina opens into this space
vestibule
106
anterior to the urethral opening which projects into the vestibule. internally it contains erectile tissue homolgous with the corpora cavernosa in males
clitoris (glans)
107
extension of the labia minora which encircles the body of the clitoris, hood
prepuce
108
these discharge secretions onto the exposed surface of the vestibule and into the vestibule near the posterolateral margins of the vaginal entrance. Resemble the bulbo-urethral glands of the male
vestibular glands
109
small conical projection where ducts of underlying mammary glands open onto the body surface
nipple
110
reddish brown skin surrounding each nipple. presence of large sebaceous glands
areola
111
ducts leaving the lobules converge and give rise to this structure within the breast
lactiferous duct
112
Homologous structures: corpus spongiosum
vestibular bulb
113
Homologous structures: testes
ovaries
114
Homologous structures: scrotum
labia majora
115
Homologous structures: corpora cavernosa
clitoris
116
Homologous structures: bulbo-urethral gland
vestibular glands (greater)
117
Homologous structures: vas deferens
round ligament
118
Homologous structures: prostate gland
skene's gland
119
Pathway of sperm
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seminiferous tubules
epididymis
vas deferens
ampulla of vas deferens
ejaculatory duct
prostatic urethra
membranous urethra
spongy urethra
external urethral orifice
```
120
erectile tissue that grips the penis as it enters the vagina
vestibular bulbs
