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Anatomy Lab > Quiz 3 (Torso and girdles) > Flashcards

Quiz 3 (Torso and girdles) Flashcards

1
Q

Hyaline cartilage where is it found (3)

A

tracheal rings
costal cartilages of the ribs
covers bone surfaces at synovial joints

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2
Q

Brief description of hyaline cartilage (3points)

A

matrix of closely packed collagen fibers not easily seen under the light microscope.
Clear, glassy appearance
tough but flexible

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3
Q

Fibrocartilage where is it found (3)

A

intervertebral discs
menisci of the knee joint
symphysis pubis

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4
Q

Brief description of fibrocartilage (2)

A

matrix is supported by collagenous fibers which are densely packed and regularly arranged.
very tough and durable
messier looking that hyaline cartilage under the microscope.

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5
Q

pl. of vertebra

A

vertebrae

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6
Q

vertebra

A

bone that houses and protects part of the spinal cord

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7
Q

intervertebral foramina

A

gaps between the pedicles of the successive vertebrae which permit the passage of nerves to or from the enclosed spinal cord

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8
Q

intervertebral discs

A

fibrocartilage that separates and cushions the vertebrae

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9
Q

Sacrum

A

fusion of five sacral vertebrae

superior to the coccyx

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10
Q

coccyx

A

3-5 fused coccygeal vertebrae

inferior to sacrum

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11
Q

Primary curvatures def.

A

born with these, also known as accommodation curvatures

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12
Q

2 primary curvatures

A

thoracic and pelvic(sacral) curvature

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13
Q

thoracic curvature

A

posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebrae

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14
Q

pelvic (sacral) curvature

A

posterior curvature of the sacrum

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15
Q

seconday curvatures def.

A

develop as you learn to hold your head up and walk

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16
Q

cervical curvature

A

anterior curvature of the cervical vertebrae

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17
Q

lumbar curvature

A

anterior curvature of the lumbar vertebrae

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18
Q

2 secondary curvatures

A

cervical and lumbar curvatures

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19
Q

Structures of all the vertebrae

A 
body (centrum)
vertebral foramen
spinous process
transverse processes
vertebral arch
superior articular processes
inferior articular processes
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20
Q

another name for the body of the vertebra

A

centrum

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21
Q

Body

A

thick, large anterior section

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22
Q

vertebral foramen

A

area which the spinal cord passes through

posterior to the body

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23
Q

spinous process

A

most posterior of the processes
generally midline
can often see under the skin of the back

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24
Q

transverse processes

A

processes on the lateral sides of the vertebra

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25
Q

vertebral arch (2)

A

pedicles (anterior)

laminae (posterior)

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26
Q

pedicles (of the vertebral arch)

A

arise along the posterolateral margins of the body

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27
Q

laminae (of the vertebral arch)

A

on either side exten dorsomedially to form the roof of the vertebral arch

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28
Q

superior articular processes

A

project cranially from the posterior surface of the vertebra

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29
Q

superior articular facet

A

polished surface on posterior of superior articular process

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30
Q

inferior articular processes

A

project dorsally from the posterior surface of the vertebra

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31
Q

inferior articular facet

A

polished surface on the anterior surface of the inferior articular processes

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32
Q

Atlas/axis articulation allows this

A

to turn head side to side

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33
Q

The joint between the atlas and axis does not have this

A

intervertebral disk

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34
Q

Cervical vertebrae sturcturs

A

transverse foramina

bifid spinous process (C2-C6)

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35
Q

transverse foramina and what vertebra are the found

A

holse in the transverse processes

c1-c7

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36
Q

costal process

A

originate near the ventrolateral portion of the vertebral body

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37
Q

How many cervical vertebra

A

7

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38
Q

bifid spinous process and what vertebra are they found

A

c2-c6

spinous process split into two at the end

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39
Q

atlas, which vertebra number

A

c1

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40
Q

atlas what does it articulate with

A

occipital condyles

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41
Q

atlas, what makes it special (2)

A

lacks a body

large vertebral foramen

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42
Q

axis, which number

A

c2

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43
Q

axis, what makes it special

A

presence of dens (odontoid process)

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44
Q

odontoid process (and other name)

A

dens

bony process that is the remnant of the fused body of the atlas

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45
Q

name of C7

A

vertebral prominens

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46
Q

what makes the vertebral prominens special

A

long slender spinous process that ends in a broad tubercle

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47
Q

How man thoracic vertebra

A

12

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48
Q

Thoracic vertebra (T1-T12)

A

reps attach

inferior pointed spinous process (giraffe)

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49
Q

Special structures of the thoracic vertebra

A

transverse costal facets

demifacets (superior and inferior) (costal facets)

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50
Q

transverse costal facets

A

smooth surfaces on the anterior surface of the transverse process
articulates with tubercle of the rib

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51
Q

demifacets

A

ruff patchs on the lateral, posterior body of the vertebrae

Articulates of the head of the rib

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52
Q

Number of lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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53
Q

Special features of the lumbar vertebrae

A

large, thick body

caudally pointing spinous process (moose)

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54
Q

Sacrum number of fused vertebra

A

5

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55
Q

auricular surfaces (sacrum)

A

articulates with the pelvic girdle at the sacroilliac joint

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56
Q

sacral promontory

A

prominent bulge at the anterior tip of the base (superoanterior surface)

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57
Q

superior articular processes

A

form synovial articulations with the last lumbar vertebra

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58
Q

superior articular facets

A

polished portion of the superior articular processes

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59
Q

sacral canal

A

inside the median sacral crest

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60
Q

venral/dorsal sacral foramina

A

holes in the sacrum can be seen through from the front or back

61
Q

median sacral crest

A

ridge that runs down the middle of the sacrum posteriorly

62
Q

lateral sacral crests

A

ridges (paired) running down the outside edges of the sacrum

63
Q

sacral hiatus

A

end of the sacral canal

opening at the bottom of the sacrum

64
Q

number of coccyx bones

65
Q

Where is the coccyx located

A

most inferior portion of the vertebral column

66
Q

coccygeal cornua (Co1)

A

medial horns on the superior surface of the coccyx

67
Q

Easy way to ID rib top and bottom

A

superior surface is smooth, inferior surface is ruff/pointed

structures point posteriorly

68
Q

Types of ribs 2

A

true ribs

false ribs

69
Q

true ribs

A

first 7 rib pairs

connect to the sternum with costal cartilage

70
Q

false ribs

A

8-10

fuse before reaching the sternum with costal cartilage

71
Q

structures of the rib

A

head (capitulum)
neck
tubercle (tuberculum)

72
Q

Another name for the head of the rib

73
Q

head of the rib

A

articulates of the body of the thoracic vertebra

74
Q

neck of the rib

A

area between the head and the tubercle

75
Q

tubercle another name for

A

tuberculum

76
Q

tubercle of the rib

A

projects dorsally, inferior portion articulates with transverse process of the thoracic vertabra

77
Q

Special example of false ribs, whats different

A

floating ribs, last 2 ribs that do not connect to the sternum

78
Q

costal carilages

A

cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum

79
Q

Three parts of the sternum

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

80
Q

sternum

A

medially located in upper thorax consisting of 3 structures

81
Q

manubrium

A

superior portion of the sternum, articulates of clavicals and costal cartilage of the first rib pair

82
Q

body

A

attaches to inferior surface of manubrium
2-7 attach with costal cartilage
8-10 also attach with the costal cartilage of 7

83
Q

xiphoid process

A

most inferior part of the sternum

diaphragm and rectus abdominis attach

84
Q

Two types of anatomical girdles

A

complete

pectoral

85
Q

complete girdle

A

belt of bone

stability over range of motion

86
Q

pectoral girdle

A

imcomplete girdle
only connected to the clavicle by the sternum
muscle attachment everywhere else
range of motion better, less stability

87
Q

Bones of the pectoral girdle

A

clavicle

scapula

88
Q

Structures of the clavicle

A 
superior surface
inferior surface
sternal (medial) end
acromial end (lateral)
conoid tubercle
costal tuberosity
89
Q

Clavicle: superior surface vs inferior surface

A

superior surface is smooth

inferior surface has rough patchs and tuberocities

90
Q

anatomical names for ends of clavicle

A

sternal end

acromial end

91
Q

directional names for ends of clavicle

A

medial end

lateral end

92
Q

conoid tubercle

A

points inferior on acromial end of clavicle

Little past halfway between the acromial and sternal ends

93
Q

costal tuberosity

A

smaller than conoid tubercle
sternal end
points inferiorly

94
Q

Medial (vertebral) border (scapula)

A

lateral to the vertebral column

longest boarder

95
Q

lateral (axillary) boarder (scapula)

A

lower lateral boarder

inferior to the glenoid cavity

96
Q

scapular spine

A

large spine on posterior of scapula

97
Q

acromion

A

large process at the lateral end of the scapular spine

articulates with the clavicle

98
Q

coracoid process (scapula)

A

anterior hook shaped process

99
Q

glenoid cavity (fossa)

A

articulation point with head of humerus

100
Q

supraglenoid tubercle

A

bump at superior ridge of glenoid cavity

101
Q

infraglenoid tubercle

A

projection inferior to glenoid cavity

102
Q

supraspinous fossa

A

depression superior to the scapular spine

103
Q

infraspinous fossa

A

depression inferior to the scapular spine

104
Q

subscapular fossa

A

depression on anterior surface of the scapula

proximal side to ribs

105
Q

Name for the pelvic girdle

A

Os Coxa bone

106
Q

Three bones(regions) of the Os Coxa

A

illium (region)
ishium (region)
pubis (region)

107
Q

acetabulum

A

large depression, articulates with femer

108
Q

obturator foramen

A

largest foramen in the body

109
Q

true pelvis

A

lower pelvis (fully enclose belt of bone)

110
Q

false pelvis

A

upper pelvis (only protected on three sides, front is open)

111
Q

pelvic brim

A

Superior view, it is the plan around the pelvic inlet

112
Q

pelvic inlet

A

superior view, it is the large hole down the middle of the pelvic girdle

113
Q

Ilium

A

Large superior portion of the Os Coxa bone

114
Q

Iliac crest

A

superior ridge of the ilium

115
Q

auricular surface + other name

A

sacroiliac joint

point of articulation with sacrum

116
Q

Anterior superior iliac spine

A

The spine that projects medially from the anterior end of the iliac crest

117
Q

anterior inferior iliac spine

A

spine that projects anteriomedially, which is inferior to the anterior superior iliac spine

118
Q

posterior superior iliac spine

A

spine that projects caudally from the posterior end of the illiac crest

119
Q

posterior inferior iliac spine

A

small spine that projects caudally from the posterior lower edge of the sacroiliac joint

120
Q

greater sciatic notch

A

large notch inferior to the sacroiliac joint

121
Q

posterior gluteal line

A

ridge on the lateral surface of the iliac crest

122
Q

anterior gluteal line

A

ridge on the lateral surface of the ilium region.

lower edge of the ridge begins at the sciatic arch, and curves up towards the anterior portion of the iliac crest

123
Q

inferior gluteal line

A

ridge on the lateral surface of the ilium region.
most inferior ridge that begins near the sciatic notch, and moves superiorly to the acetabulum. Ending near the anterior inferior iliac spine

124
Q

Structures of the ischium region

A

lesser sciatic notch
ischial tuberosity
ischial spine

125
Q

location of ischium region

A

posterior half of the lower area of the Os Coxa

makes up the “butt bones”

126
Q

lesser sciatic notch

A

notch inferior to the greater sciatic notch

127
Q

ischial tuberosity

A

infraposterior edge of the ischium

128
Q

ischial spine

A

spine that separates the greater and lesser sciatic notchs

129
Q

Structures of the pubis region

A

pubic symphysis

pubic arch

130
Q

location of pubis region

A

infra-anterior portion of the Os Coxa

131
Q

pubic symphysis

A

fibrocartilage joining the two pubis

132
Q

pubic arch

A

pubic angle created at the pubic symphysis

133
Q

Difference between male and female Os Coxa

A

Pubic angle of men is 100 degrees

134
Q

Spina bifida

A

most common neural tube defect

abnormal spinal cord development such that adjacent verteral arches do not form

135
Q

osteopenia

A

inadequate ossification, naturally occurs as we age

begins between ages 30-40

136
Q

osteoporosis

A

reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function

137
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine

138
Q

kyphosis

A

exaggerated thoracic curvature

caused by osteoporosis, chronic contraction of muscles, abnormal vertebral growth

139
Q

lordosis

A

sway-back
anterior exaggeration of the lumbar curve
caused by abdominal wall obesity/weakness

140
Q

Herniated vs slipped disc

A

slipped disc is a distortion in the disk material that partially forces it into the vertebral canal. C5-C6, L4-L5, L5-S1
Herniated disk is a severly distorted disk material which breaks through and enters the vertebral canal

141
Q

laminectomy

A

Fusion of two vertebrae which may require the removal of the nearest vertebral arch by shaving away the laminae

142
Q

osteomylitis

A

painful and destructive bone infection generally caused by bacteria

143
Q

Gigantism

A

occurs if hypersecretion of growth hormone before puberty

144
Q

acromegaly

A

overproduction of growth hormone after the epiphyseal plates of fused. results in bone shape change and cartilaginous areas of skeleton to enlarge (521)

145
Q

Pituitary dwarfism

A

inadequate production of growth hormone before puberty.

Normal proportions.

146
Q

achondroplastic dwarfism

A

result of abnormal epiphyseal activity (slow growth)
Sexual and mental development are unaffected. Short arms and legs, trunk is normal size.
Abnormal gene on chromosome 4 affects a fibroblast growth factor.
Two recessive genes leads to sever abnormalities and early death

147
Q

neck hyper flexion

A

look in book at school

148
Q

spondylolysis

A

look in book at school

Anatomy Lab (12 decks)

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