Quiz 10 (Heart) Flashcards
Two organs found in the mediastinum
heart
trachea
where major blood vessels come off the heart
base
pointy end of heart that sites by left lung
apex
separates atria from ventricles (wall)
atrioventricular septum
groove that goes all the way around the heart (encircles the base)
coronary sulcus
another name for coronary sulcus
atrioventricular sulcus
separates right and left ventricles (wall)
interventricular septum
groove that goes down the goes down the front of the heart. Originates by the aorta and moves inferiorly towards apex
anterior interventricular sulcus
groove that goes down the back of the heart. originates by the inferior vena cava and moves inferiorly towards the apex
posterior interventricular sulcus
external landmards of the interventricular septum
anterior/posterior interventricular sulci
Layers of the heart wall (inside to out)
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium
another name for epicardium
visceral pericardium
endocardium is made of these types of cells
simple squamous epithelium
myocardium is made of these types of cells
cardiac muscle
the epicardium is this type of tissue composed of these types of cells
serous membrane
mesothelium
coverings of the heart (inside out)
epicardium
pericardial cavity
pericardial sac
pericardial sac is compose of these (inside out)
parietal pericardium
fibrous pericardium
pericardium in direct contact with the heart
visceral pericardium (epicardium)
space between epicardium and parietal pericardium
pericardial cavity
reinforcing layer of the pericardial sac
fibrous pericardium
fibrous pericardium is made of this type of tissue
dense irregular connective tissue
parietal pericardium is made of this type of tissue and these types of cells
serous membrane
mesothelium
Flow of blood through heart starting in the R. atrium to the ascending aorta
R atrium tricuspid valve R ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary trunk R/L pulmonary artery R/L lungs R/L pulmonary veins L atrium bicuspid valve L ventricle aortic semilunar valve ascending aorta
Heart chambers
R/L atrium
R/L ventricle
receives oxygen pour blood from the systemic circulation
R. atrium
expandable extension of the atrium, atrial appendage, flaps
R/L auricle (depending on R/L atrium)
muscular ridges on inside of atrium walls that prevent blood coagulation
pectinate muscles
pectinate muscles are found here in the R atrium
anterior wall
permits blood flow directly from the right atrium to left atrium fetally while lungs are developing
fossa ovalis
closes 48 hours after birth
fossa ovalis
fossa ovalis name fetally
foramen ovale
opens into posterior superior right atrium
superior vena cava
blood comes to the superior vena cava from here
head
neck
upper limbs
chest
opens into the posterior inferior right atrium
inferior vena cava
blood comes into the inferior vena cava from here
abdominal and pelvic cavity
lower limbs
drains veins of heart directly into right atrium
coronary sinus
location of coronary sinus
posterior portion of coronary sulcus inferior to left atrium
coronary sinus is an artery or vein
vein
The hole which opens from the R atrium to the R ventricle
R atrioventricular orifice
structure that stops the backward flow of blood from the R ventricle to the R atrium
tricuspid valve
another name for tricuspid valve
atrioventricular valve
smaller than left ventricle
R ventricle
irregular muscular folds in the ventricles
trabeculae carneae (found in both ventricles)
cone shaped muscular projections of the inner ventricular surface
papillary muscles (found in both ventricles)
connects the papillary muscles to the tricuspid or bicuspid valve depending on R/L ventricle
chordae tendineae
These three structures work together to keep blood from flowing back from the ventricle to the atrium (R/L)
Tricuspid/bicuspid valve
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
valve that passes through from R ventricle to the pulmonary trunk
pulmonary semilunar valve
receives blood from the R ventricle
pulmonary trunk
2 branches of the pulmonary trunk
R/L pulmonary arteries
R/L pulmonary arteries carry this type of blood to this structure
deoxygenated blood
lungs
Receives blood from the lungs
L atrium
Pectinate muscles of the L atrium are only found here
L auricle
This type of blood enters the L atrium through these
oxygenated blood
R/L pulmonary veins
How many pulmonary veins, and how do they get their name (sidedness)
4
which side of the heart they enter on
hole/opening between L atrium and L ventricle
L atrioventricular orifice
Valve that seperates the L atrium and L ventricle
bicuspid valve
2 other names for bicuspid valve
mitral valve
atrioventricular valve
recieves blood from the L atrium and pumps it to the rest of the body
L ventricle
which ventricle is larger, why
L
more force is needed to pump blood through the body than just the lungs
blood passes through from left ventricle to aorta
aortic semilunar valve
main artery leaving the heart
aorta
Largest blood vessel in the body
aorta
Supplies blood to most of the left ventricle, narrow slip of the right ventricle, most of the left atrium, and anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum
left coronary artery
Branches of the L coronary artery
anterior interventricular artery
circumflex artery/branch
another name for anterior interventricular artery
Left anterior decending artery
L/R coronary arteries originate here
base of the ascending aorta
Where is blood pressure the highest in systemic circulation
aortic sinus (associated with L/R coronary arteries)
Location of the L coronary artery
runs between the pulmonary trunk and left atrium where it promptly splits
Location of the anterior interventricular artery of the LCA
runs inferiorly from the LCA down the anterior interventricular sulcus
location of the circumflex artery of the LCA
runs laterally to the left within the coronary sulcus where it turns inferiorly near the left pulmonary veins of the left atrium
Location of the right coronary artery
runs inferiorly within the coronary sulcus along the margin of the right atrium until it reaches the inferior vena cava
arteries associated with the R coronary artery
R marginal artery(branch)
posterior interventricular artery (branch)
location of the posterior interventricular artery
Branch of the RCA that turns near the inferior vena cava and runs inferiorly down the posterior interventricular sulcus
location of the right marginal artery
Near the right boarder of the heart the RCA gives rise to a branch that extends towards the apex of the heart along the anterior surface of the right ventricle
cardiac veins 3
great cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
coronary sinus
Location of the great cardiac vein
Starts near the apex of the heart within the anterior interventricular sulcus, turns right along the coronary sulcus at the base of the heart. follows the coronary suclcus around the left atrium where it joins the coronary sinus
Location of the middle cardiac vein
Starts near the apex of the heart within the posterior interventricular sulcus and moves towards the base of the heart where it joins the coronary sinus
receives blood from the great and middle cardiac veins
coronary sinus
location of the coronary sinus
Starts at approximately directly inferior to the left atrium on the posterior side of the heart. Sits within the coronary sulcus and runs until it empties directly into the right atrium
Vessel that directly recieves blood from the left ventricle
aorta
Sections of the aorta
ascending aorta
aortic arch
descending aorta
thoracic aorta
coronary arteries originate here
ascending aorta
these three arteries arise from the aortic arch in order of flow of blood
brachiocephalic artery
L common carotid artery
L subclavian artery
branches of the brachiocephalic artery in order of flow of blood
R common carotid artery
R subclavian artery
connects aortic arch and pulmonary trunk
ligamentum arteriosum
name of fetal ligamentum arteriosum
ductus arteriosus
function of ductus arteriosus
allows blood to pass from pulmonary trunk to aorta
after birth it closes and forms a ligament
supplies blood to the viscera of the thorax, muslces of the chest, diaphragm, and thoracic portion of spinal cord
thoracic aorta
supplies blood to chest muscles and vertebral column
posterior intercostal arteries
fetal pulmonary shunts
foramen ovale
ductus arteriosus
