Quiz 10 (Heart) Flashcards by Roger Kline

Two organs found in the mediastinum

heart

trachea

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where major blood vessels come off the heart

base

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pointy end of heart that sites by left lung

apex

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separates atria from ventricles (wall)

atrioventricular septum

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groove that goes all the way around the heart (encircles the base)

coronary sulcus

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another name for coronary sulcus

atrioventricular sulcus

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separates right and left ventricles (wall)

interventricular septum

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groove that goes down the goes down the front of the heart. Originates by the aorta and moves inferiorly towards apex

anterior interventricular sulcus

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groove that goes down the back of the heart. originates by the inferior vena cava and moves inferiorly towards the apex

posterior interventricular sulcus

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external landmards of the interventricular septum

anterior/posterior interventricular sulci

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Layers of the heart wall (inside to out)

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

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another name for epicardium

visceral pericardium

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endocardium is made of these types of cells

simple squamous epithelium

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myocardium is made of these types of cells

cardiac muscle

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the epicardium is this type of tissue composed of these types of cells

serous membrane

mesothelium

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coverings of the heart (inside out)

epicardium
pericardial cavity
pericardial sac

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pericardial sac is compose of these (inside out)

parietal pericardium

fibrous pericardium

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pericardium in direct contact with the heart

visceral pericardium (epicardium)

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space between epicardium and parietal pericardium

pericardial cavity

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reinforcing layer of the pericardial sac

fibrous pericardium

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fibrous pericardium is made of this type of tissue

dense irregular connective tissue

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parietal pericardium is made of this type of tissue and these types of cells

serous membrane

mesothelium

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Flow of blood through heart starting in the R. atrium to the ascending aorta

R atrium
tricuspid valve
R ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary trunk
R/L pulmonary artery
R/L lungs
R/L pulmonary veins
L atrium
bicuspid valve
L ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
ascending aorta

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Heart chambers

R/L atrium

R/L ventricle

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receives oxygen pour blood from the systemic circulation

R. atrium

expandable extension of the atrium, atrial appendage, flaps

R/L auricle (depending on R/L atrium)

muscular ridges on inside of atrium walls that prevent blood coagulation

pectinate muscles

pectinate muscles are found here in the R atrium

anterior wall

permits blood flow directly from the right atrium to left atrium fetally while lungs are developing

fossa ovalis

closes 48 hours after birth

fossa ovalis

fossa ovalis name fetally

foramen ovale

opens into posterior superior right atrium

superior vena cava

blood comes to the superior vena cava from here

head neck upper limbs chest

opens into the posterior inferior right atrium

inferior vena cava

blood comes into the inferior vena cava from here

abdominal and pelvic cavity | lower limbs

drains veins of heart directly into right atrium

coronary sinus

location of coronary sinus

posterior portion of coronary sulcus inferior to left atrium

coronary sinus is an artery or vein

vein

The hole which opens from the R atrium to the R ventricle

R atrioventricular orifice

structure that stops the backward flow of blood from the R ventricle to the R atrium

tricuspid valve

another name for tricuspid valve

atrioventricular valve

smaller than left ventricle

R ventricle

irregular muscular folds in the ventricles

trabeculae carneae (found in both ventricles)

cone shaped muscular projections of the inner ventricular surface

papillary muscles (found in both ventricles)

connects the papillary muscles to the tricuspid or bicuspid valve depending on R/L ventricle

chordae tendineae

These three structures work together to keep blood from flowing back from the ventricle to the atrium (R/L)

Tricuspid/bicuspid valve chordae tendineae papillary muscles

valve that passes through from R ventricle to the pulmonary trunk

pulmonary semilunar valve

receives blood from the R ventricle

pulmonary trunk

2 branches of the pulmonary trunk

R/L pulmonary arteries

R/L pulmonary arteries carry this type of blood to this structure

deoxygenated blood | lungs

Receives blood from the lungs

L atrium

Pectinate muscles of the L atrium are only found here

L auricle

This type of blood enters the L atrium through these

oxygenated blood | R/L pulmonary veins

How many pulmonary veins, and how do they get their name (sidedness)

4 | which side of the heart they enter on

hole/opening between L atrium and L ventricle

L atrioventricular orifice

Valve that seperates the L atrium and L ventricle

bicuspid valve

2 other names for bicuspid valve

mitral valve | atrioventricular valve

recieves blood from the L atrium and pumps it to the rest of the body

L ventricle

which ventricle is larger, why

L | more force is needed to pump blood through the body than just the lungs

blood passes through from left ventricle to aorta

aortic semilunar valve

main artery leaving the heart

aorta

Largest blood vessel in the body

aorta

Supplies blood to most of the left ventricle, narrow slip of the right ventricle, most of the left atrium, and anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum

left coronary artery

Branches of the L coronary artery

anterior interventricular artery | circumflex artery/branch

another name for anterior interventricular artery

Left anterior decending artery

L/R coronary arteries originate here

base of the ascending aorta

Where is blood pressure the highest in systemic circulation

aortic sinus (associated with L/R coronary arteries)

Location of the L coronary artery

runs between the pulmonary trunk and left atrium where it promptly splits

Location of the anterior interventricular artery of the LCA

runs inferiorly from the LCA down the anterior interventricular sulcus

location of the circumflex artery of the LCA

runs laterally to the left within the coronary sulcus where it turns inferiorly near the left pulmonary veins of the left atrium

Location of the right coronary artery

runs inferiorly within the coronary sulcus along the margin of the right atrium until it reaches the inferior vena cava

arteries associated with the R coronary artery

R marginal artery(branch) | posterior interventricular artery (branch)

location of the posterior interventricular artery

Branch of the RCA that turns near the inferior vena cava and runs inferiorly down the posterior interventricular sulcus

location of the right marginal artery

Near the right boarder of the heart the RCA gives rise to a branch that extends towards the apex of the heart along the anterior surface of the right ventricle

cardiac veins 3

great cardiac vein middle cardiac vein coronary sinus

Location of the great cardiac vein

Starts near the apex of the heart within the anterior interventricular sulcus, turns right along the coronary sulcus at the base of the heart. follows the coronary suclcus around the left atrium where it joins the coronary sinus

Location of the middle cardiac vein

Starts near the apex of the heart within the posterior interventricular sulcus and moves towards the base of the heart where it joins the coronary sinus

receives blood from the great and middle cardiac veins

coronary sinus

location of the coronary sinus

Starts at approximately directly inferior to the left atrium on the posterior side of the heart. Sits within the coronary sulcus and runs until it empties directly into the right atrium

Vessel that directly recieves blood from the left ventricle

aorta

Sections of the aorta

ascending aorta aortic arch descending aorta thoracic aorta

coronary arteries originate here

ascending aorta

these three arteries arise from the aortic arch in order of flow of blood

brachiocephalic artery L common carotid artery L subclavian artery

branches of the brachiocephalic artery in order of flow of blood

R common carotid artery | R subclavian artery

connects aortic arch and pulmonary trunk

ligamentum arteriosum

name of fetal ligamentum arteriosum

ductus arteriosus

function of ductus arteriosus

allows blood to pass from pulmonary trunk to aorta | after birth it closes and forms a ligament

supplies blood to the viscera of the thorax, muslces of the chest, diaphragm, and thoracic portion of spinal cord

thoracic aorta

supplies blood to chest muscles and vertebral column

posterior intercostal arteries

fetal pulmonary shunts

foramen ovale | ductus arteriosus