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Anatomy Lab > Quiz 1 (Body organization, epithelial/connective tissues, skin, facial bones) > Flashcards

Quiz 1 (Body organization, epithelial/connective tissues, skin, facial bones) Flashcards

1
Q

bilateral

A

relating to two sides of the body

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2
Q

ipsilateral

A

relating to the same side

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3
Q

contralateral

A

relating to the opposite side

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4
Q

axilla

A

armpit

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5
Q

supraorbital margin

A

superciliary ridge

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6
Q

auricle

A

exterior of ear

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7
Q

cubital fossa (antecubitis)

A

depression immediatly distal to bicep

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8
Q

inguinal ligament

A

forms the superior boundry of the femoral triangle

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9
Q

gluteus medius

A

small muscle superior and lateral to the gluteus maximus

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10
Q

popliteal fossa

A

posterior depression of knee

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11
Q

grastrocnemius

A

cav

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12
Q

abdominopelvid regions (9 region method)

A 
right hypochondriac
epigastric
left hypochondriac
right lumbar (right lateral abdominal)
umbilical
left lumbar (left lateral abdominal)
right inguinal (right iliac)
hypogastric
left inguinal (left iliac)
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13
Q

abdominopelvic quadrants (4 region method)

A

right upper quadrant
left upper quadrant
right lower quadrant
left lower quadrant

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14
Q

location of the appendix (both region methods)

A 
right inguinal (right iliac)
right lower quadrant
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15
Q

Body cavities

A

posterior

anterior

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16
Q

posterior cavities

A 
cranial cavity
vertebral canal (spinal cavity)
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17
Q

anterior cavities

A

thoracic cavity

abdominopelvic cavity

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18
Q

radiography/x-rays

A

high-energy radiation that can penetrate living tissues. Creates and image with radio dense tissues appearing white and less dence grey/black

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19
Q

CT/CAT scan

A

computerized axial tomography

imaging technique that reconstructs the 3D structure of the body

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20
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

employs a magnetic field and radio waves to portray subtle structural differences

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21
Q

inspection

A

general and local inspection of the body.

largest amount of information can be gained

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22
Q

palpation

A

used of hands/fingers to feel the body.
sense temperature, underlying structures, sensitive spots
normal understanding of anatomy is essential

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23
Q

percussion

A

tapping on the body to determine the density of underlying tissues

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24
Q

auscultation

A

listening to body sounds, usually with a stethoscope

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25
keratin
type of protein in epithelial cells causes cells to become tough and water resistant presence eventually leads to cell death
26
nonkeratinized
abrasion protection, will dry out unless kept moist
27
function of simple squamous epithelia
gas exchange diffusion blood vessel permeability
28
function of stratified squamous epithelia
protect against abrasion and dehydration
29
areolar connective tissue
found below epithelium in most parts of the body. made up of mostly fibroblasts with elastic and collagenous fibers
30
Specific locations of areolar connective tissue
papillary layer of the dermis around organs blood vessels
31
function of areolar connective tissue
cushion, strength, elastic, support
32
adipose connective tissue
has modified fibroblasts which store fat and thus become swollen, pushing the nucleus to the edge of the cell widely distributed throughout the body (around heart, skin, ect)
33
function of adipose connective tissue
cushion, insulation, store energy, heat production
34
dense irregular connective tissue
irregularly arrange collagenous fibers. contains fibroblasts and a few elastic fibers reticular layer of dermis
35
functions of dense irregular connective tissue
inconsistant pattern lends strength and support in many directions
36
elastic fibers stain this way, collagen fibers stain this way
dark | light
37
Carilage
a supporting connective tissue. made up of chondrocytes surrounded by a semisolid gel-like matrix.
38
where do the chondrocytes reside
lacunae
39
T/F: cartilage has a good blood supply
F, it is avascular
40
Layers of epidermis (deep to superficial)
``` Stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum ```
41
Layers of dermis (deep to superficial)
hypodermis (below the dermis) reticular (bot 4/5) dense irregular connective tissue papillary (top 1/5) loose connective tissue
42
Another name for stratum basale
stratum germinativum
43
stratum basale
deepest layer single layer of cells attached to basal lamina contains melanocytes
44
stratum spinosum
kerotinocyte differenetiation occurs several layers thick development of desmosomes langerhans cells are present
45
stratum granulosum
last layer cells contain a nucleous producing large amounts of keratin and kerathyalin excretions form watertight layer
46
stratum lucidum
only found in thick skin (soles/palms) | glassy layer
47
stratum corneum
multiple layers of flattened dead keritinocytes relativly dry and water resistant not water proof however permits slow water loss through insensable perspiration
48
carotene
orange/yellow pigment
49
melanin
black brown yellow/brown pigment
50
thin vs thick skin
think has very thick stratum corneum and presence of stratum lucidum
51
Dermis contains (7)
``` blood vessels nerve fibers sebaceous glands (sebum or oil) sudoriferous glands (sweat) hair follicles and hair arrector pili muscle tactile receptors ```
52
Blood vessels (dermis)
located in both the papillary and reticular layer | supply nutrients to the tissues of the dermis and epidermis
53
nerve fibers (dermis)
common in papillary layer of dermis
54
sebaceous glands (dermis)
secrete onto hair follicles, skin surface
55
two types of sudoriferous glands (dermis)
apocrine | eccrine (merocrine)
56
apocrine sudoriferous glands (dermis)
larger, limited distribution viscous secretion influenced by hormones possible communitcation
57
eccrine sudoriferous glands (dermis)
smaller wide spread distribution thin secretions controlled by nervous system thermoregulation and secretion
58
3 types of hair (dermis)
vellus terminal intermediate
59
vellus hair
peach fuzzhairs
60
terminal hair
heavy, deeply pigmented, sometimes curly
61
intermediate hair
hairs that change in distribution | hairs of the upper and lower limbs
62
arrector pili muscle
ribbion of smooth muscle extends from papillary dermis to connective tissued around follicle causes hair to stand up
63
4 types of tactile receptors (dermis)
Pacinian corpuscle meissner's corpuscle ruffini corpuscle merkel cells (epidermal)
64
pacinian corpuscle
``` laminated corpuscle sensation of pressure and vibration initial deep contack and high frequency vibrations fast adapting located in reticular layer of dermis large and laminated ```
65
meissner's corpuscle
tactile corpuscle found where sensitivites are extremely well developed sensation = pressure, vibration respond to initial contact, low frequency vibrations papillary region of dermis
66
ruffini corpuscle
sensation of deep pressure responds to stretch/distortion of the dermis smaller and slightly superficial in the reticular layer of the dermis
67
merkel cells
``` located in stratum basale also known as tactile disks sensitive to fine touch and pressure tonically active highly sensitive, narrow receptive fields ```
68
osteon
whole tree trunk structure
69
osteonic canal names
osteonic/haversian/central canal
70
osteonic canal
center of the trunk | contains blood/lymph vessels and nerves
71
perforating (volkmann's canals)
run perpendicular to central canal to connect all osteons
72
lamellae types
concentric | interstitial
73
concentric lamellae
rings of bone tissue in the tree
74
interstitial lamellae
bone tissue not included in the rings of the tree
75
osteocyte
mature bone cell | maintains the bone matrix
76
lacunae
osteocytes rest in these | means "little lake"
77
canaliculi
processes that connect from cell to cell in the bone
78
function of the bone/skeletal system
``` protect support lever for movment blood cell production storage of minerals ```
79
classification of bones (pg 131, read)
``` flat bones sutural bone pneumatized bone long bones irregular bones sezemoid bone short bones ```
80
yellow marrow
adipocytes
81
red marrow
blood cells | stemcells
82
Maxillary bone strutures (8)
``` maxillary sinuses palatine processes (palatal) alveoli alveolar processes teeth inferior orbital fissure incisive foramen infra-orbital foramen ```
83
incisive foramen
nasopalatine nerve
84
infra-orbital foramen
maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (CN5)
85
Palatine bone structures
greater palatine foramen horizontal plate perpendicular plate
86
zygomatic bone structures
temporal process of the zygomatic bone | zygomatic arch
87
lacrimal bones structures
nasolacrimal canal
88
nasolacrimal canal
located towards the anterior/inferior portion of the lacrimal bone
89
Nasal bones
paired bones that make up the bridge of the nsoe
90
vomer
forms bottom half of nasal septum
91
Nasal septum
``` composed of (top) perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone and (bottom) vomer cartilage section is formed from hyline cartilage ```
92
inferior nasal conchae
most inferior projections on the lateral surfaces of the nasal opening
93
Structures of the mandible bone
``` ramus condylar processes coronoid processes alveoli alveolar processes mandibular foramina mental foramina ```
94
condylar processes
articulate with mandibular fossa of the squamous region of the temporal bone most posterior process
95
mandibular foramina
inferior alveolar nerve (mandibular division of CN 5)
96
mental foramina
Mental nerve (mandibular division of CN 5)
97
Hyoid bone structures
``` greater cornua (horns) Lesser cornua (horns) ```
98
Hyoid bone characteristics
attachment point for muscles that is neither a facial or cranial bone
99
greater cornua
on the ends of the hyoid bone
100
lesser cornua
proccesses on the anterior surface (fanglike)
101
clinical considerations on page 20
okay

Anatomy Lab (12 decks)

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