Quiz 9 (Digestion) Flashcards
1
Q
Space between the lips and teeth
A
vestibule
2
Q
Bridge of epithelium that connects the gingiva to the back of the lips
A
Superior/inferior labial frenulum
3
Q
Manipulates materials inside the mouth and may occasionally be used to bring foods into the oral cavity.
A
Tongue
4
Q
4 functions of the tongue
A
mechanical processing of food
manipulation of food to assist in chewing and swallowing
sensory analysis by touch, temp, and taste receptors
secretion of mucins and an enzyme that aids in fat digestion
5
Q
Connects the body of the tongue to the mucosa of the oral floor
A
lingual frenulum
6
Q
Epithelial projections on the tongue are commonly called
A
papillae
7
Q
papillae that is the smallest and doesn’t have taste buds, mostly present to create friction
A
filiform papillae
8
Q
papillae that is larger and does contain taste buds (not largest)
A
fungiform papillae
9
Q
papillae that form the ridges on the lateral, posterior margins of the tongue
A
foliate papillae
10
Q
Largest papillae at posterior of tongue, Form a V shape and have taste buds
A
circumvallate papillae
11
Q
These papillae have taste buds
A
fungiform papillae
circumvallate papillae
foliate papillae (only present in children)
12
Q
Most posterior part of tongue, groove between the tongue and lingual tonsils
A
sulcus terminalis
13
Q
located at the base of the tongue posterior to the sulcus terminalis
A
lingual tonsils
14
Q
The palate consists of these structures 3
A
hard palate
soft palate
(uvula)
15
Q
A general term for palate
A
roof of the mouth
16
Q
separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
A
hard palate
17
Q
bones and structures that form the hard palate 2
A
Maxilla, Palatal process of maxilla
Palatine bone, Horizontal plate
18
Q
Separates oral cavity from nasopharynx and closes off nasopharynx during swallowing
A
soft palate
19
Q
Helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely, posterior portion of soft palate
A
uvula
20
Q
Located at the posterior margin of the oral cavity along the boundry of the pharynx and soft palate
A
palatine tonsils
21
Q
Soft tissue around the teeth
A
gingivae (gums)
22
Q
perform mastication of food
A
teeth
23
Q
blade shaped teeth infront of mouth
A
incisors
24
Q
How many incisors and what are they used for
A
8 total (4/4) clipping and cutting
25
conical with sharp ridgeline and pointed tip
cuspids (canines)
26
how many cuspids and what are the used for
```
4 total (2/2)
tearing and slashing
```
27
have one or two roots, flattened crowns with prominent ridges
bicuspids (premolars)
28
how many bicuspids and what are they used for
adults 8 (4/4)
Children 0
crushing and grinding
29
3+ roots, large flat crowns with prominent ridges
molars
30
how many molars and what are they used for
```
adults 12 (6/6)
children 8 (4/4)
crushing and grinding
```
31
3 sections of a tooth
crown
neck
root
32
visable part of tooth
crown
33
spongy and highly vascular, receives blood vessels and nerves from the root canal
pulp cavity
34
hard outer layer of the crown
enamel
35
does not contain living cells, middle layer of crown, and outer layer of neck and root
dentin
36
boundry between the crown and root of the tooth
neck
37
base of the tooth
root
38
covers dentin of the root providing protection and anchoring the periodontal ligament
cementum
39
extends from dentine of root to alveolar bone.
periodontal ligament
40
forms the gomphosis
periodontal ligament
41
narrow tunnel in root of tooth which blood and nerves enter and exit
root canal
42
Largest salivary gland, weighs 20g, lateral to masseter on side of face
parotid salivary gland
43
empties into the vestibule at the level of the second upper molar
parotid duct
44
another name for parotid duct
stensen's duct
45
Type of saliva produced by the parotid duct
Saliva containing high concentrations of salivary (alpha) amylase
46
found in the floor of the mouth along the medial surfaces of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid line
submandibular salivary gland
47
another name for submandibular duct
wharton's duct
48
submandibular salivary gland produces this type of saliva
produce a mixture of mucins and enzymes (salivary amylase
49
open into the mouth on either side of the lingual frenulum immediately posterior to the teeth
submandibular ducts
50
covered by the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth
sublingual salivary gland
51
the sublingual salivary gland produces this type of saliva
mucus secretions
52
open alone either side of the lingual frenulum (side of tongue)
sublingual ducts
53
another name for the sublingual ducts
ducts of Rivinus
54
Superior part of the pharynx
nasopharynx
55
found on the posterior/superior wall of the nasopharynx
pharyngeal tonsil
56
another name for pharyngeal tonsil
Adenoids
57
Role of the tonsils
lymphatic/immune system role
58
Opening of the auditory tube is found here
nasopharynx
59
extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the level of the hyoid bone
oropharynx
60
most inferior part of the pharynx, includes the region lying between the hyoid bone and the entrance of the esophagus
laryngopharynx
61
tissue type found in the oropharynx and laryngopharynx
nonkeratinized squamous epithelium
62
closes over trachea when swallowing
epiglottis
63
collapsible tube that projects anteriorly when swallowing
esophagus
64
opening in the diaphragm which the esophagus passes through
esophageal hiatus
65
longitudinal folds in the stomach that permit expansion of the gastric lumen
rugae
66
smaller curve of the stomach on the right side/medial surface
lesser curvature
67
between lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver
lesser omentum
68
left, large curve of the stomach, lateral surface
greater curvature
69
greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
greater omentum
70
Fatty sheet that lays on the anterior side of the abdominal cavity
greater omentum
71
Stomach regions
cardiac region
fundic region
body
pyloric region
72
initital region of the stomach
cardiac region (cardia)
73
most superior hump of the stomach, superior to the gastroesophageal junction
fundic region (fundus)
74
mixing tank of the stomach, between fundus and curve of the 'J'
Body of the stomach
75
last part of the stomach, is the curve of the 'J'
pyloric region (pylorus)
76
connection to the duodenum from the pyloric region
pyloric canal
77
regulates the release of chyme from the pyloric canal
pyloric sphincter
78
Regions of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
79
25 cm long, shortest/widest segement of the small intestine, first mixing bowl for chyme and digestive secretions
duodenum
80
2.5 m long, bulk of chemical digestion occurs here, middle section
jejunum
81
longest region at 3.5 m, ends in the ileocecal valve
ileum
82
approx. 800 in the small intestine, increase the surface area, series of transverse folds
plicae circulares
83
support the jejunum and ileum and supplies blood vesseles, nerves, lympatics to the small intestine
mesentery
84
band of smooth muscle that assists in peristalsis in large intestine
taeniae coli
85
pouch like structures of the large intestine (one and many)
haustrum =1
| haustra = many
86
hang out on the large intestine, attached near taeniae coli, fatty
epiploic appendages
87
expanded pouch where contents of ileum first enter the large intestine
cecum
88
connects large intestine to small intestine
ileocecal valve
89
houses bacteria, lymph system
vermiform appendix
90
located in the right lateral posterior abdomen
ascending colon
91
most superior portion of large intestine
transverse colon
92
left lateral large intestine
descending colon
93
'S' shaped section of large intestine
sigmoid colon
94
expanded organ for the temporary storage of fecal mater
rectum
95
last portion of the rectum, border of columnar epithelium and nonkaratinized stratified squamous epithelium
anal canal w/anal columns
96
end of the anal canal
anus
97
anal canal is located here
rectum
98
involuntary circular muscle of the anus
internal anal sphincter
99
voluntary, encircles the distal portion of the anal canal
external anal sphincter
100
very close to here becomes keratinized and identical to surface of skin
anal orifice
101
connets transverse and ascending colon
hepatic flexure
102
connects transverse and descending colon
splenic flexure
103
Larger of the main liver lobes
right lobe
104
function of the liver
produce bile and detoxify/filter blood
105
function of the large intestine
compact/dehydrate fecal mater
106
function of the small intestine
digestion
107
function of the stomach
start digestion
| short term storage of food
108
function of salivary glands
moisten food/oral cavity, very little digestion (enzymes)
109
smaller of the main liver lobes
left lobe
110
lobe of liver that is middle posterior view next to gallbladder
quadrate lobe
111
lobe of liver that is superior/posterior to gallbladder,
caudate lobe
112
seperates right and left lobes
falciform ligament
113
supports the liver from the diaphragm
coronary ligament
114
comes off inferiorly from the falciform ligament
ligamentum teres (round ligament)
115
L/R collect bile from all the bile ducts of the liver lobes
hepatic ducts
116
combination of left and right hepatic duct
common hepatic duct
117
function of gallbladder
store and modify bile
118
duct leaving the gallbladder
cystic duct
119
cystic duct + common hepatic duct form this
common bile duct
120
Function of the pancreas
exocrine (digestive enzyme production)
| endocrine (insulin and glucagon)
121
non pointed end of the pancreas that lays near the duodenum
head of the pancreas
122
longest/middle region of the pancreas
body of the pancreas
123
pointed end of the pancreas that lays near the spleen
tail of the pancreas
124
joins with the common bile duct to form the hypatopancreatic ampulla
pancreatic duct
125
superior duct exiting the pancreas
accessory duct
126
area that common bile duct and pancreatic duct come together to form
hepatopancreatic ampulla
127
opens to empty contents of hepatopancreatic ampulla into the duodenum
hepatopancreatic sphincter
128
another name for the hepatopancreatic sphincter
sphincter of Oddi
129
function of the spleen
lymphatic function
130
Pathway of bile
```
hepatocytes in the liver produce bile
R/L hepatic duct
cystic duct joins and forms
common bile duct
pancreatic duct joins and forms
hepatopancreatic ampula
hepatopancreatic sphincter
duodenum
```
