Quiz 9 (Digestion) Flashcards
Space between the lips and teeth
vestibule
Bridge of epithelium that connects the gingiva to the back of the lips
Superior/inferior labial frenulum
Manipulates materials inside the mouth and may occasionally be used to bring foods into the oral cavity.
Tongue
4 functions of the tongue
mechanical processing of food
manipulation of food to assist in chewing and swallowing
sensory analysis by touch, temp, and taste receptors
secretion of mucins and an enzyme that aids in fat digestion
Connects the body of the tongue to the mucosa of the oral floor
lingual frenulum
Epithelial projections on the tongue are commonly called
papillae
papillae that is the smallest and doesn’t have taste buds, mostly present to create friction
filiform papillae
papillae that is larger and does contain taste buds (not largest)
fungiform papillae
papillae that form the ridges on the lateral, posterior margins of the tongue
foliate papillae
Largest papillae at posterior of tongue, Form a V shape and have taste buds
circumvallate papillae
These papillae have taste buds
fungiform papillae
circumvallate papillae
foliate papillae (only present in children)
Most posterior part of tongue, groove between the tongue and lingual tonsils
sulcus terminalis
located at the base of the tongue posterior to the sulcus terminalis
lingual tonsils
The palate consists of these structures 3
hard palate
soft palate
(uvula)
A general term for palate
roof of the mouth
separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
hard palate
bones and structures that form the hard palate 2
Maxilla, Palatal process of maxilla
Palatine bone, Horizontal plate
Separates oral cavity from nasopharynx and closes off nasopharynx during swallowing
soft palate
Helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely, posterior portion of soft palate
uvula
Located at the posterior margin of the oral cavity along the boundry of the pharynx and soft palate
palatine tonsils
Soft tissue around the teeth
gingivae (gums)
perform mastication of food
teeth
blade shaped teeth infront of mouth
incisors
How many incisors and what are they used for
8 total (4/4) clipping and cutting
conical with sharp ridgeline and pointed tip
cuspids (canines)
how many cuspids and what are the used for
4 total (2/2) tearing and slashing
have one or two roots, flattened crowns with prominent ridges
bicuspids (premolars)
how many bicuspids and what are they used for
adults 8 (4/4)
Children 0
crushing and grinding
3+ roots, large flat crowns with prominent ridges
molars
how many molars and what are they used for
adults 12 (6/6) children 8 (4/4) crushing and grinding
3 sections of a tooth
crown
neck
root
visable part of tooth
crown
spongy and highly vascular, receives blood vessels and nerves from the root canal
pulp cavity
hard outer layer of the crown
enamel
does not contain living cells, middle layer of crown, and outer layer of neck and root
dentin
boundry between the crown and root of the tooth
neck
base of the tooth
root
covers dentin of the root providing protection and anchoring the periodontal ligament
cementum
extends from dentine of root to alveolar bone.
periodontal ligament
forms the gomphosis
periodontal ligament
narrow tunnel in root of tooth which blood and nerves enter and exit
root canal
Largest salivary gland, weighs 20g, lateral to masseter on side of face
parotid salivary gland
empties into the vestibule at the level of the second upper molar
parotid duct
another name for parotid duct
stensen’s duct
Type of saliva produced by the parotid duct
Saliva containing high concentrations of salivary (alpha) amylase
found in the floor of the mouth along the medial surfaces of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid line
submandibular salivary gland
another name for submandibular duct
wharton’s duct
submandibular salivary gland produces this type of saliva
produce a mixture of mucins and enzymes (salivary amylase
open into the mouth on either side of the lingual frenulum immediately posterior to the teeth
submandibular ducts
covered by the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth
sublingual salivary gland
the sublingual salivary gland produces this type of saliva
mucus secretions
open alone either side of the lingual frenulum (side of tongue)
sublingual ducts
another name for the sublingual ducts
ducts of Rivinus
Superior part of the pharynx
nasopharynx
found on the posterior/superior wall of the nasopharynx
pharyngeal tonsil
another name for pharyngeal tonsil
Adenoids
Role of the tonsils
lymphatic/immune system role
Opening of the auditory tube is found here
nasopharynx
extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the level of the hyoid bone
oropharynx
most inferior part of the pharynx, includes the region lying between the hyoid bone and the entrance of the esophagus
laryngopharynx
tissue type found in the oropharynx and laryngopharynx
nonkeratinized squamous epithelium
closes over trachea when swallowing
epiglottis
collapsible tube that projects anteriorly when swallowing
esophagus
opening in the diaphragm which the esophagus passes through
esophageal hiatus
longitudinal folds in the stomach that permit expansion of the gastric lumen
rugae
smaller curve of the stomach on the right side/medial surface
lesser curvature
between lesser curvature of the stomach and the liver
lesser omentum
left, large curve of the stomach, lateral surface
greater curvature
greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
greater omentum
Fatty sheet that lays on the anterior side of the abdominal cavity
greater omentum
Stomach regions
cardiac region
fundic region
body
pyloric region
initital region of the stomach
cardiac region (cardia)
most superior hump of the stomach, superior to the gastroesophageal junction
fundic region (fundus)
mixing tank of the stomach, between fundus and curve of the ‘J’
Body of the stomach
last part of the stomach, is the curve of the ‘J’
pyloric region (pylorus)
connection to the duodenum from the pyloric region
pyloric canal
regulates the release of chyme from the pyloric canal
pyloric sphincter
Regions of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
25 cm long, shortest/widest segement of the small intestine, first mixing bowl for chyme and digestive secretions
duodenum
2.5 m long, bulk of chemical digestion occurs here, middle section
jejunum
longest region at 3.5 m, ends in the ileocecal valve
ileum
approx. 800 in the small intestine, increase the surface area, series of transverse folds
plicae circulares
support the jejunum and ileum and supplies blood vesseles, nerves, lympatics to the small intestine
mesentery
band of smooth muscle that assists in peristalsis in large intestine
taeniae coli
pouch like structures of the large intestine (one and many)
haustrum =1
haustra = many
hang out on the large intestine, attached near taeniae coli, fatty
epiploic appendages
expanded pouch where contents of ileum first enter the large intestine
cecum
connects large intestine to small intestine
ileocecal valve
houses bacteria, lymph system
vermiform appendix
located in the right lateral posterior abdomen
ascending colon
most superior portion of large intestine
transverse colon
left lateral large intestine
descending colon
‘S’ shaped section of large intestine
sigmoid colon
expanded organ for the temporary storage of fecal mater
rectum
last portion of the rectum, border of columnar epithelium and nonkaratinized stratified squamous epithelium
anal canal w/anal columns
end of the anal canal
anus
anal canal is located here
rectum
involuntary circular muscle of the anus
internal anal sphincter
voluntary, encircles the distal portion of the anal canal
external anal sphincter
very close to here becomes keratinized and identical to surface of skin
anal orifice
connets transverse and ascending colon
hepatic flexure
connects transverse and descending colon
splenic flexure
Larger of the main liver lobes
right lobe
function of the liver
produce bile and detoxify/filter blood
function of the large intestine
compact/dehydrate fecal mater
function of the small intestine
digestion
function of the stomach
start digestion
short term storage of food
function of salivary glands
moisten food/oral cavity, very little digestion (enzymes)
smaller of the main liver lobes
left lobe
lobe of liver that is middle posterior view next to gallbladder
quadrate lobe
lobe of liver that is superior/posterior to gallbladder,
caudate lobe
seperates right and left lobes
falciform ligament
supports the liver from the diaphragm
coronary ligament
comes off inferiorly from the falciform ligament
ligamentum teres (round ligament)
L/R collect bile from all the bile ducts of the liver lobes
hepatic ducts
combination of left and right hepatic duct
common hepatic duct
function of gallbladder
store and modify bile
duct leaving the gallbladder
cystic duct
cystic duct + common hepatic duct form this
common bile duct
Function of the pancreas
exocrine (digestive enzyme production)
endocrine (insulin and glucagon)
non pointed end of the pancreas that lays near the duodenum
head of the pancreas
longest/middle region of the pancreas
body of the pancreas
pointed end of the pancreas that lays near the spleen
tail of the pancreas
joins with the common bile duct to form the hypatopancreatic ampulla
pancreatic duct
superior duct exiting the pancreas
accessory duct
area that common bile duct and pancreatic duct come together to form
hepatopancreatic ampulla
opens to empty contents of hepatopancreatic ampulla into the duodenum
hepatopancreatic sphincter
another name for the hepatopancreatic sphincter
sphincter of Oddi
function of the spleen
lymphatic function
Pathway of bile
hepatocytes in the liver produce bile R/L hepatic duct cystic duct joins and forms common bile duct pancreatic duct joins and forms hepatopancreatic ampula hepatopancreatic sphincter duodenum
