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Quiz 2 (crainal bones) Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial bones

A

Frontal bone
Parietal bones
Occipital bones
Temporal bones

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2
Q

Structures of the Frontal bone

A

Supra-orbital foramen
Frontal sinuses
Anterior cranial fossa
Zygomatic process of the frontal bone

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3
Q

Supra-orbital foramen: location, what passes through

A

Superior ridge of the ocular cavity

Supra-orbital nerve, sensory branch of the opthalmic nerve

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4
Q

Frontal sinuses

A

Deep to the frontal bone, superior to nasal bones

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5
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A

front 1/3 of cranial cavity

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6
Q

Zygomatic process of the frontal bone

A

Lateral/inferior process of the frontal bone that joins with the zygomatic bone

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7
Q

Location of frontal bone

A

Most anterior bone of the cranium, superior to facial bones

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8
Q

Parietal bone(s) location

A

Posterior and lateral to frontal bone

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9
Q

Structures of the parietal bone(s)

A

Sagittal suture
coronal suture
lambdoid suture (w/ wormian or sutural bones)
squamus suture

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10
Q

sagittal suture

A

Joins the two parietal bones. Medially located on the superior surface of the cranium

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11
Q

coronal suture

A

joins the two parietal bones to the frontal bone. Separates as if a frontal cross-section of the cranium

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12
Q

lambdoid suture

A

joins the parietal and occipital bone(s) w/Wormian or sutural bones. Runs transverse across the posterior surface of the cranium.

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13
Q

squamus suture

A

Joins the temporal and parietal bones

Located on the lateral surfaces of the cranium

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14
Q

Location of the occipital bone

A

most posterior of the cranial bones

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15
Q

Structures of the occipital bone

A 
foramen magnum
occipital condyle
external occipital protuberance
superior and inferior nochal lines
posterior cranial fossa
condyloid (condylar) fossa
hypoglossal canals
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16
Q

Foramen magnum: location, what passes through

A

inferior surface of the occipital bone, Largest opening.
Right/Left vertebral arteries
Spinal motor component of the accessory nerve (CN XI)
This is the landmark between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord of the central nervous system.

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17
Q

Occipital condyle

A

Large condyle on the exterior of the posterior portion of the occipital bone

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18
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

Knot on the back of the head

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19
Q

Superior/inferior nochal lines

A

2 rows of small ridges that move horizontally across the occipital bone. Located in close proximity to the external occipital protuberance

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20
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

rear 1/3 of the inner cranial cavity

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21
Q

condyloid (condylar) fossa

A

Depressions in the occipital bone posterior to the occipital condyles. Laterally located in relation to the foramen magnum.

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22
Q

Hypoglossal canals: location, what passes through

A 
Holes located superior to the occipital condyles
hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)
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23
Q

Temporal bone(s) location

A

Lateral surface of the cranium. By the ears.

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24
Q

Four regions of the temporal bone(s)

A

Squamus region
Tympanic region
mastoid region
petrous region

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25
Location of squamus region
superior portion of temporal bone(s)
26
Location of the tymbanic region
Inferior to the squamus region of the temporal bone(s), includes external auditory canal
27
Location of the mastoid region
Poster to external ear on the temporal bone(s)
28
Location of the petrous region
Interior, inferior portion of the temporal bone(s)
29
Zygomatic process of the temporal bone: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
squamus region | posterior half of the zygomatic arch (anterior temporal bone)
30
Mandibular fossa: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Squamus region | Inferior depression to the zygomatic arch. Articulates of the condylar processes of the mandible
31
External auditory canal: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
tympanic region | lateral surface of the skull. Hole located anterior to the mastoid process
32
Styloid process: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
tympanic region | Sharp protrusion posterior to the external auditory canal
33
Mastoid process: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Mastoid region | Large dull process posterior to external auditory canal
34
Stylomastoid foramen: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Mastoid region small opening posterior to the base of the styloid process facial nerve (CN VII)
35
Mastoid foramen: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Mastoid region large opening posterior to the mastoid process (posterior edge of the temporal bone) Mastoid emissary vein
36
Carotid canal: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Petrous region Anterior to jugular fossa internal carotid artery
37
Jugular foramen: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
in conjunction anteriorly with temporal bone, and posterialy with occipital bone Large hole superior to hypoglossal canal Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), Vagus (X) and the accessory nerves (CN XI, spinal motor component and cranial motor component) and the internal jugular vein passing through
38
Middle cranial fossa
middle 1/3 of the cranial cavity
39
internal auditory canal:region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Petrous region Superior to jugular foramen vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) and facial nerve (CN VII) ENTERING the skull
40
Foramen lacerum: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
in conjunction anteriorly with sphenoid bone, and temporal bone, and posteriorly with the occipital bone Large hole anterior and medial to carotid canal. Hole "looks" straight down through the skull from a superior view. Functionally closed with fiborcartilage in living skull
41
Location of sphenoid bone
Located in anterior/medial fossa(s)
42
Greater wings: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Inferior/posterior of the two wings | found on the sphenoid bone
43
Lesser wings: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Anterior/superior of the two wings | found on the sphenoid bone
44
Sphenoidal sinuses
Medial-deep to the anterior surface of the sphenoid
45
Structures of the Sella turcica, what does it stand for
saddle shaped dorsum sellae hypophysial fossa tuberculum sellae
46
Dorsum sellae: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Posterior medial ridge, back part of the saddle
47
hypophysial fossa: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
anterior to dorsum sellae, houses the pituitary gland
48
Tuberculum sellae: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
anterior ridge of the saddle, structure of the saddle closest to the lesser wings
49
jugum sphenoidale: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
flat region anterior to the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
50
Medial pterygoid plate: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
underside of sphenoid bone | lateral to vomer
51
Lateral pterygoid plate: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
underside of sphenoid bone | Lateral to medial pterygoid plate
52
Anterior clinoid process: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
extends posteriorly from each lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, medial tips of lesser wings
53
posterior clinoid process: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
arises from the superior surface of each greater wing of the sphenoid
54
Togetehr the clinoid processes do this
deepen the cella turcica (or hypophysial fossa) and serve as points of attachment for the tentorium cerebelli
55
Optic canal: : location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Sphenoid bone medial, superior to anterior clinoid process optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic artery
56
superior orbital fissure: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
sphenoid bone directly below optic canal oculormotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), and the abducens nerve (CN VI) passing through
57
Foramen rotundum: : location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
sphenoid bone small round opening below superior orbital fissure maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
58
Foramen ovale: : location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
sphenoid bone oval shaped opening in small section of greater wing mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
59
Foramen spinosum: : location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
sphenoid bone medial to mandibular fossa in the end of the small section of the greater wings middle meningeal artery passing through
60
Ethmoid bone location
anterior cranial fossa
61
ethmoid bone structures
``` cribriform plate (w/olfactory foramina) perpendicular plate superior nasal conchae middle nasal conchae ethmoidal sinuses (air cells) crista galli ```
62
Cribriform plate: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
``` superior portion of ethmoid bone. full of small holes olfactory nerve (CN I) ```
63
Perpendicular plate: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Middle upper section of nasal septum of ethmoid bone
64
Superior/middle nasal conchae: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Lateral sections of the nasal cavity | name is in respect to the lower nasal conchae
65
Ethmoidal sinuses (air cells): location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Medial to ocular cavities
66
Crista galli: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.
Share projection from the superior portion of the cribriform plate
67
Neonatal skull structures
``` Frontal (anterior fontanel) Occipital (posterior fontanel) Sphenoid (anterolateral fontanel) mastoid (posterolateral fontanel) Metopic suture (unpaired) ```
68
Frontal fontanel
at the junction of the frontal and the parietal bones, along the midsagittal plane
69
occipital fontanel
at the junction of the occipital and parietal bones, along the midsagittal plane
70
sphenoid fontanel
anterolateral, at the junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones
71
Mastoid fontanel
posterolateral, at the junction of the parietal, occipital, and the temporal bones
72
metopic suture
runs continuous with the sagittal suture, between the two halves of the frontal bone. This suture onle persists if the frontal bones do not fuse.
73
Paired neonatal skull structures
sphenoid fontanel | mastoid fontanel
74
unpaired neonatal skull structures
metopic suture frontal fontanel occipital fontanel
75
Cleft palate/lip
occurs when right and left halves of the palate fail to join medially. Leaves an opening between the mouth and nasal cavities that interferes with sucking (ability to nurse). Can also lead to inhalation of food. Can be surgically repaired
76
Craniostenosis
premature closure of one or more sutures, which can lead to distortions of the skull
77
Rickets/osteomalacia
softening of the bones due to change in mineral composition. Rickets is when adults or children do not get enough vitamin d or calcium.
78
Deviated nasal septum
nasal septum has a bend in it that prevents sinus drainage, and can cause difficulty breathing.
79
Bone scan (method/result, and uses)
injected radiolabeled phosphate accumulates in bones, and radiation emitted is converted into an image useful in diagnosis of metastatic bone cancer, also detects fractures, early infections, and some degenerative bone diseases.

Anatomy Lab (12 decks)

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