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Anatomy Lab > Quiz 2 (crainal bones) > Flashcards

Quiz 2 (crainal bones) Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial bones

A

Frontal bone
Parietal bones
Occipital bones
Temporal bones

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2
Q

Structures of the Frontal bone

A

Supra-orbital foramen
Frontal sinuses
Anterior cranial fossa
Zygomatic process of the frontal bone

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3
Q

Supra-orbital foramen: location, what passes through

A

Superior ridge of the ocular cavity

Supra-orbital nerve, sensory branch of the opthalmic nerve

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4
Q

Frontal sinuses

A

Deep to the frontal bone, superior to nasal bones

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5
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A

front 1/3 of cranial cavity

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6
Q

Zygomatic process of the frontal bone

A

Lateral/inferior process of the frontal bone that joins with the zygomatic bone

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7
Q

Location of frontal bone

A

Most anterior bone of the cranium, superior to facial bones

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8
Q

Parietal bone(s) location

A

Posterior and lateral to frontal bone

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9
Q

Structures of the parietal bone(s)

A

Sagittal suture
coronal suture
lambdoid suture (w/ wormian or sutural bones)
squamus suture

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10
Q

sagittal suture

A

Joins the two parietal bones. Medially located on the superior surface of the cranium

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11
Q

coronal suture

A

joins the two parietal bones to the frontal bone. Separates as if a frontal cross-section of the cranium

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12
Q

lambdoid suture

A

joins the parietal and occipital bone(s) w/Wormian or sutural bones. Runs transverse across the posterior surface of the cranium.

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13
Q

squamus suture

A

Joins the temporal and parietal bones

Located on the lateral surfaces of the cranium

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14
Q

Location of the occipital bone

A

most posterior of the cranial bones

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15
Q

Structures of the occipital bone

A 
foramen magnum
occipital condyle
external occipital protuberance
superior and inferior nochal lines
posterior cranial fossa
condyloid (condylar) fossa
hypoglossal canals
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16
Q

Foramen magnum: location, what passes through

A

inferior surface of the occipital bone, Largest opening.
Right/Left vertebral arteries
Spinal motor component of the accessory nerve (CN XI)
This is the landmark between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord of the central nervous system.

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17
Q

Occipital condyle

A

Large condyle on the exterior of the posterior portion of the occipital bone

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18
Q

External occipital protuberance

A

Knot on the back of the head

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19
Q

Superior/inferior nochal lines

A

2 rows of small ridges that move horizontally across the occipital bone. Located in close proximity to the external occipital protuberance

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20
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

rear 1/3 of the inner cranial cavity

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21
Q

condyloid (condylar) fossa

A

Depressions in the occipital bone posterior to the occipital condyles. Laterally located in relation to the foramen magnum.

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22
Q

Hypoglossal canals: location, what passes through

A 
Holes located superior to the occipital condyles
hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)
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23
Q

Temporal bone(s) location

A

Lateral surface of the cranium. By the ears.

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24
Q

Four regions of the temporal bone(s)

A

Squamus region
Tympanic region
mastoid region
petrous region

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25
Q

Location of squamus region

A

superior portion of temporal bone(s)

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26
Q

Location of the tymbanic region

A

Inferior to the squamus region of the temporal bone(s), includes external auditory canal

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27
Q

Location of the mastoid region

A

Poster to external ear on the temporal bone(s)

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28
Q

Location of the petrous region

A

Interior, inferior portion of the temporal bone(s)

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29
Q

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

squamus region

posterior half of the zygomatic arch (anterior temporal bone)

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30
Q

Mandibular fossa: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Squamus region

Inferior depression to the zygomatic arch. Articulates of the condylar processes of the mandible

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31
Q

External auditory canal: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

tympanic region

lateral surface of the skull. Hole located anterior to the mastoid process

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32
Q

Styloid process: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

tympanic region

Sharp protrusion posterior to the external auditory canal

33
Q

Mastoid process: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Mastoid region

Large dull process posterior to external auditory canal

34
Q

Stylomastoid foramen: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Mastoid region
small opening posterior to the base of the styloid process
facial nerve (CN VII)

35
Q

Mastoid foramen: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Mastoid region
large opening posterior to the mastoid process (posterior edge of the temporal bone)
Mastoid emissary vein

36
Q

Carotid canal: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Petrous region
Anterior to jugular fossa
internal carotid artery

37
Q

Jugular foramen: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

in conjunction anteriorly with temporal bone, and posterialy with occipital bone
Large hole superior to hypoglossal canal
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX), Vagus (X) and the accessory nerves (CN XI, spinal motor component and cranial motor component) and the internal jugular vein passing through

38
Q

Middle cranial fossa

A

middle 1/3 of the cranial cavity

39
Q

internal auditory canal:region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Petrous region
Superior to jugular foramen
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) and facial nerve (CN VII) ENTERING the skull

40
Q

Foramen lacerum: region, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

in conjunction anteriorly with sphenoid bone, and temporal bone, and posteriorly with the occipital bone
Large hole anterior and medial to carotid canal. Hole “looks” straight down through the skull from a superior view.
Functionally closed with fiborcartilage in living skull

41
Q

Location of sphenoid bone

A

Located in anterior/medial fossa(s)

42
Q

Greater wings: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Inferior/posterior of the two wings

found on the sphenoid bone

43
Q

Lesser wings: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Anterior/superior of the two wings

found on the sphenoid bone

44
Q

Sphenoidal sinuses

A

Medial-deep to the anterior surface of the sphenoid

45
Q

Structures of the Sella turcica, what does it stand for

A

saddle shaped
dorsum sellae
hypophysial fossa
tuberculum sellae

46
Q

Dorsum sellae: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Posterior medial ridge, back part of the saddle

47
Q

hypophysial fossa: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

anterior to dorsum sellae, houses the pituitary gland

48
Q

Tuberculum sellae: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

anterior ridge of the saddle, structure of the saddle closest to the lesser wings

49
Q

jugum sphenoidale: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

flat region anterior to the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

50
Q

Medial pterygoid plate: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

underside of sphenoid bone

lateral to vomer

51
Q

Lateral pterygoid plate: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

underside of sphenoid bone

Lateral to medial pterygoid plate

52
Q

Anterior clinoid process: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

extends posteriorly from each lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, medial tips of lesser wings

53
Q

posterior clinoid process: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

arises from the superior surface of each greater wing of the sphenoid

54
Q

Togetehr the clinoid processes do this

A

deepen the cella turcica (or hypophysial fossa) and serve as points of attachment for the tentorium cerebelli

55
Q

Optic canal: : location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Sphenoid bone
medial, superior to anterior clinoid process
optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic artery

56
Q

superior orbital fissure: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

sphenoid bone
directly below optic canal
oculormotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), and the abducens nerve (CN VI) passing through

57
Q

Foramen rotundum: : location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

sphenoid bone
small round opening below superior orbital fissure
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

58
Q

Foramen ovale: : location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

sphenoid bone
oval shaped opening in small section of greater wing
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

59
Q

Foramen spinosum: : location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

sphenoid bone
medial to mandibular fossa in the end of the small section of the greater wings
middle meningeal artery passing through

60
Q

Ethmoid bone location

A

anterior cranial fossa

61
Q

ethmoid bone structures

A 
cribriform plate (w/olfactory foramina)
perpendicular plate
superior nasal conchae
middle nasal conchae
ethmoidal sinuses (air cells)
crista galli
62
Q

Cribriform plate: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A 
superior portion of ethmoid bone. full of small holes
olfactory nerve (CN I)
63
Q

Perpendicular plate: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Middle upper section of nasal septum of ethmoid bone

64
Q

Superior/middle nasal conchae: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Lateral sections of the nasal cavity

name is in respect to the lower nasal conchae

65
Q

Ethmoidal sinuses (air cells): location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Medial to ocular cavities

66
Q

Crista galli: location, description, if a foramen, what passes through.

A

Share projection from the superior portion of the cribriform plate

67
Q

Neonatal skull structures

A 
Frontal (anterior fontanel)
Occipital (posterior fontanel)
Sphenoid (anterolateral fontanel)
mastoid (posterolateral fontanel)
Metopic suture (unpaired)
68
Q

Frontal fontanel

A

at the junction of the frontal and the parietal bones, along the midsagittal plane

69
Q

occipital fontanel

A

at the junction of the occipital and parietal bones, along the midsagittal plane

70
Q

sphenoid fontanel

A

anterolateral, at the junction of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

71
Q

Mastoid fontanel

A

posterolateral, at the junction of the parietal, occipital, and the temporal bones

72
Q

metopic suture

A

runs continuous with the sagittal suture, between the two halves of the frontal bone. This suture onle persists if the frontal bones do not fuse.

73
Q

Paired neonatal skull structures

A

sphenoid fontanel

mastoid fontanel

74
Q

unpaired neonatal skull structures

A

metopic suture
frontal fontanel
occipital fontanel

75
Q

Cleft palate/lip

A

occurs when right and left halves of the palate fail to join medially. Leaves an opening between the mouth and nasal cavities that interferes with sucking (ability to nurse). Can also lead to inhalation of food.
Can be surgically repaired

76
Q

Craniostenosis

A

premature closure of one or more sutures, which can lead to distortions of the skull

77
Q

Rickets/osteomalacia

A

softening of the bones due to change in mineral composition. Rickets is when adults or children do not get enough vitamin d or calcium.

78
Q

Deviated nasal septum

A

nasal septum has a bend in it that prevents sinus drainage, and can cause difficulty breathing.

79
Q

Bone scan (method/result, and uses)

A

injected radiolabeled phosphate accumulates in bones, and radiation emitted is converted into an image
useful in diagnosis of metastatic bone cancer, also detects fractures, early infections, and some degenerative bone diseases.

Anatomy Lab (12 decks)

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