Quiz 5 (Anterior muscles) Flashcards
Skeletal muscle tissue
multinucleate
striated
parallel fibers
voluntary
smooth muscle tissue
uninucleate
unstriated
spindle-shaped fibers
involuntary
cardiac muscle
uninucleate
striated
branched fibers
cells are connected through intercalated disks
Epicranius + innervation (all structures involved)
Frontalis
Occipitalis
Galea aponeurotica
Facial nerve (CN7)
Muscle around the eye
Orbicularis oculi
Facial nerve
O: maxilla and nasal cartilage
I: Bridge of the nose
nasalis
facial nerve
kissing muscle, around mouth
orbicularis oris
facial nerve
O: zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin of maxilla
I: Orbicularis oris
laterally adjacent to nose
levator labii superioris
facial nerve
Lateral smiling muscle
zygomaticus major
facial nerve
Medial smiling muscle
zygomaticus minor
facial nerve
Grinning muscle, ribbon like
Risorius
Facial nerve
Blowing muscle
Deep, wide muscle to corner of mouth
Buccinator
facial nerve
O: anterolateral surface of body of mandible, inferior to incisors
I: Skin and muscle at inferior angle of mouth
Depressor anguli oris
Facial nerve
O: body of mandible, lateral to midline
I: skin and muscle of lower lip
Depressor labii inferioris
facial Nerve
Pouting muscle, “men butt”
Mentalis
facial nerve
Wide and flat like the ‘plat’ river, flows down side of neck
Platysma
facial nerve
Large deep muscle of the cheek, mastication
Masseter
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
Side of head, covers temporal and parietal bone
Temporalis
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
Medial grinding muscle
Medial pterygoid
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
Lateral grinding muscle
lateral pterygoid
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
Looks like loops on hyoid
Anterior and posterior bellies of Digastric
Anterior belly-Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
Posterior belly: Facial nerve (CN7)
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: Hyoid bone
Deep to digastric
Stylohyoid
Facial Nerve
O: Medial surface of mandibular symphysis
I: hyoid bone
longitudinalish fibers
Geniohyoid
Spinal nerve C1
O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: byoid bone via midian raphe
large, parallel fibers
Mylohyoid
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)
Strap-like muscle with a supeior and inferior bell, united by an intermediate tendon
O: intermediate tendon attached to clavicle and first rib
I: Superior belly-hyoid bone, Inferior belly- superior margin of scapula
Omohyoid
Spinal nerves C1-C3 (Ansa Cervicalis)
Long muscle, superficial to sternothyroid
O: manubrium and medial end of clavicle
I: hyoid bone
Sternohyoid
Spinal nerves C1-C3 (Ansa Cervicalis)
Deep to sternohyoid
O: posterior surface of manubrium and first costal cartilage
I: thyroid cartilage of larynx
Sternothyroid
Spinal nerves C1-C3 (Ansa Cervicalis)
Short muscle superior to sternothyroid
O: thyroid cartilage
I: hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid
cervical spinal nerves C1 and C2 via hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Small muscle, fibers look like ‘V’, inferior portion of thyroid cartilage
O: cricoid cartilage
I: thyroid cartilage
Cricothyroid Vagus Nerve (CNX)
External oblique
superficial
if two sides are together the fibers would form a V
Internal oblique
1 deep
if two sides are together the fibers would form a ^
Transverse abdominis
Deepest transverse fibers (belt)
Six pack muscles
Rectus abdominis
Line down the middle of the rectus abdominis
linea alba
Sheath of connective tissue over rectus abdominis
rectus sheath
O,I,A,N: Pectoralis major (2 parts)
O: Clavicular head - clavicle, Sternocostal head - sternum and costal cartilages 2-6
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: primer mover of arm flexion; adduction and medial rotation of arm
N: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
O,I,A,N: Deltoid
O: spine and acromion process of scapula, lateral 1/3 of clavicle
I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A: Primer mover of arm abduction; synergist in flexion, extension of arm
N: axillary nerve
O,I,A,N: Coracobrachialis
O: coracoid process of scapula
I: mid-medial shaft of humerus
A: arm flexion and adduction
N: Musculocuaneus nerve
O,I,N: Serratus anterior (boxers muscle)
O: ribs 1-8 or 9
I: Vertebral border of scapula (ventral surface)
N: long thoracic nerve
O,I,N: Pectoralis minor
O: ribs 3-5 (ventral surface)
I: coracoid process of scapula
N: Medial pectoral nerve
O,I,A,N: Biceps brachii (long and short heads)
O: Long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula, Short - Coracoid process of scapula
I: Radial tuberosity
A: Major forarm flexor: subinates forearm: weak flexor of arm
N: Musculocutaneous nerve
O,I,A,N: Brachialis
O: Anterior, distal surface of humerus
I: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
A: major forearm flexor
N: musculocutaneous nerve
O,I,A,N: Brachioradialis
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: styloid process of radius
A: Forearm flexion
N: radial nerve
Muscles of the forearm in order (9)
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris
Name of ‘wrist band’ of dense facia holding tendons in place
Extensor retinaculum
Pronators/supinators with nerves (3)
Supinator - radial nerve
Pronator teres - median nerve
pronator quadratus - Median nerve
Muscles of the forearm (I): base of meta carpal 2
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Muscles of the forearm (I): base of metacarpal 3
extensor carpi radialis brevis
Muscles of the forearm (I): lateral margin of metacarpal 1
abductor pollicis longus
Muscles of the forearm (I): base of proximal phalanx of pollex
extensor pollicis brevis
Muscles of the forearm (I): base of distal phalanx of pollex
extensor pollicis longus
Muscles of the forearm (I): distal phalanx of digit 2
extensor indicis
Muscles of the forearm (I): posterior surface of distal phalanges 2-5
extensor digitorum
Muscles of the forearm (I): posterior surface of proximal phalanx of 5th finger (with tendon of extensor digitorum)
extensor digiti minimi
Muscles of the forearm (I): base of metacarpal 5
extensor carpi ulnaris
Innervation of all the extensor muscles of the forearm
radial nerve
Iliopsoas
combination of iliacus and psoas major after passing under the inguinal ligament
M, O, I, A, N: Fan like muscle of iliopsoas
Iliacus iliac fossa of the os coxa lesser trochanter of femur prime flexor of thigh, postural muscle femoral nerve
M, O, I, A, N: Longer of the two iliopsoas, does not orginate on the pelvis
psoas major vertebrae T12-L5 lesser trochanter of femur prim flexor of thigh, postural muscle spinal nerves L1-L3
M, O, I, A, N: tailors muscle, diagonal strap across anterior of thigh
Sartorius
anterior superior iliac spine
medial proximal tibial shaft (near tibial tuberosity)
flexion and lateral rotation of thigh: flexion of lower leg
femoral nerve
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh
quadriceps femoris
patellar ligament
tensor fasciae latae
iliotibial tract
Muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh
pectineus
gracilis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
Quadraceps femoris muscles
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
M, O, I, A, N: medial superficial muscle of quad
rectus femoris
anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum
patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
thigh flexion, lower leg extension
femoral nerve
M, O, I, A, N: lateral muscle of quad
vastus lateralis
anterior and inferior boarder of greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
patella and tibial tuberocity via patellar ligament
lower leg extension and stabilizes patella
femoral nerve
M, O, I, A, N: medial muscle of the quad
vastus medialis
linea aspera of femur
patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
lower leg extension and stabilizes patella
femoral nerve
M, O, I, A, N: deep muscle of quad
vastus intermedius proximal anterolateral femoral shaft patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament lower leg extension femoral nerve
O, I: patellar ligament
patella
tibial tuberosity
M, O, I, A, N: superiolateral muscle of thigh, rather short
tensor fasciae latae anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine iliotibial tract abduction and flexion of thigh superior gluteal nerve
connective tissue strap down lateral side of thigh
iliotibial tract
M, O, I, A, N: superior muscle medial to femoral nerves/blood vessels on model
Pectineus pubis of os coxa pectinial line of femur, inferior to lesser trochanter adduction and flexion of thigh femoral nerve
M, O, I, A, N: most superficial of the medial strap like muscles of the thigh
Gracilis ramus and body of pubis medial proximal tibial shaft adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg Obturator nerve (L2 and L3)
M, O, I, A, N: Medial “fatter” strap to pectineus
adductor longus
inferior ramus of pubis (anterior to brevis)
linea aspera of femur
adduction and medial rotation of thigh (when thigh flexed)
Obturator nerve and sciatic nerve (tibial division)
M, O, I, A, N: Largest most posterior muscles of the medial cavity
Adductor magnus
ischial and pubic rami and ischial tuberosity
linea aspera of femur
extension, adduction, and medial rotation of thigh (when thigh is flexed)
obturator nerve and sciatic nerve (tibial division)
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower limb (5)
tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus peroneus tertius extensor retinaculum (superior and inferior)
M, N: medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1, large muscle of the front of the tibia
tibialis anterior
deep peroneal nerve
M, N: distal phalanx 1 (foot)
extensor hallucis longus
deep peroneal nerve
M, N: middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 (foot)
extensor digitorum longus
deep peroneal nerve
M, N: dorsum of metatarsal 5 (fused with extensor digitorum longus-often considered it’s fifth tendon)
peroneus tertius
deep peroneal nerve
Two extensor retinaculum
superior and inferior (two separate structures)
muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower limb
peroneus longus (fibularis longus)
peroneus brevis
peroneal retinaculum
M, N: superficial muscle on the lateral aspect of the lower limb
peroneus longus (fibularis longus) superficial peroneal nerve
M, N: deep muscle on the lateral aspect of the lower limb
peroneus brevis
superficial peroneal nerve
holds the peroneus longus and brevis in place
peroneal retinaculum
Classes of levers
1st
2nd
3rd
describe first class lever
fulcrum is in middle, resistance is pushed down on one side and the load/applied force is pushed down on the other side
very few in human body (ex. atlanto-occipital joint)
describe second class lever
fulcrum is at one end, resistances is pushed down on in the middle, the load/applied force is transfered up on the opposite end as the fulcrum
magnifies force at expense of distance and speed
(ex. achilles tendon, standing on tip toes. meta tarsophalangeal joint)
describe third class lever
fulcrum is at one end, resistance is pushed down on opposite end as fulcrum and load/applied force is pushed up from the middle
most common found in human body
(ex. biceps brachii at humeroulnar joint)
