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EARTHQUAKE > QUIZ 2.3 > Flashcards

QUIZ 2.3 Flashcards

1
Q

The science of naming, describing, and
classifying organisms into groups based on
shared characteristics.

A

TAXONOMY

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2
Q

The arrangement of organisms into orderly
groups based on their similarities and
relationships.

A

CLASSIFICATION

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3
Q

The arrangement of taxonomic ranks in
order, from broadest to most specific

Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order →
Family → Genus → Species

A

HIERARCHY

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4
Q

A method of classification based on the
evolutionary relationships and common
ancestry of organisms.

A

CLADISTIC

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5
Q

A group or category in the taxonomic
hierarchy, such as species, genus, or
family.

A

TAXON

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6
Q

A system of naming organisms
following specific rules and
conventions.

A

NOMENCLATURE

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7
Q

The study of biological diversity and the
relationships among organisms,
encompassing taxonomy and
phylogeny.

A

SYSTEMATICS

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8
Q

The variety of life forms within a given
ecosystem, biome, or the entire Earth.

A

BIODIVERSITY

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9
Q

A domain of single-celled
microorganisms distinct from bacteria,
often found in extreme environments.

A

ARCHAEBACTERIA

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10
Q

An ancestral trait shared by two
or more taxa.

A

SYMPLESIOMORPHY

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11
Q

The process through which new species
arise.

A

SPECIATION

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12
Q

An organism resulting from the
crossbreeding of two different species or
taxa.

A

HYBRID

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13
Q

The branch of science that studies the
geographic distribution of animal species.

A

ZOOGEOGRAPHY

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14
Q

The plants of a particular region, habitat, or
geological period.

A

FLORA

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15
Q

The animals of a particular region, habitat,
or geological period.

A

FAUNA

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16
Q

An evolution process by which unrelated
organisms evolve similar traits due to
similar environmental pressures.

A

CONVERGENT

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17
Q

An evolution process by which two or more
related species become more dissimilar over
time.

A

DIVIRGENT

18
Q

The observable characteristics or traits of an
organism, such as morphology, behavior,
and physiology.

A

PHENOTYPE

19
Q

The genetic constitution of an organism that
determines its characteristics.

A

GENOTYPE

20
Q

Refers to a clade that includes all
descendants of a common ancestor

A

HOLOPHYLETIC

21
Q

A population of a species that is adapted to a
specific ecological environment.

A

ECOTYPE

22
Q

A group of organisms used as a reference
point in cladistic analysis to determine
evolutionary relationships.

A

OUTGROUP

23
Q

The group of organisms being studied in a
phylogenetic analysis.

A

INGROUP

24
Q

The condition where two or more scientific
names refer to the same taxon.

A

SYNONYM

25
Q

The study of evolutionary relationships
using genomic data.

A

PHYLOGENOMIC

26
Q

The evolutionary change within a single
lineage over time.

A

ANAGENESIS

27
Q

The evolutionary splitting of a lineage into
two or more distinct lineages.

A

CLADOGENESIS

28
Q

A unique derived trait specific to a single
taxon

A

AUTAMORPHY

29
Q

A branching diagram showing similarity in
observable traits among organisms,
regardless of evolutionary relationships.

A

PHENOGRAM

30
Q

The mutual adaptation of two or more
species or traits that interact closely.

A

COADAPTATION

31
Q

A trait that has evolved independently in
different species due to similar environmental
pressures, not shared ancestry.

A

HOMOPLASY

32
Q

Diseases that can be transmitted from
animals to humans, highlighting
interspecies relationships.

A

ZOONOSIS

33
Q

The study of the distribution of species and
ecosystems in geographic space and through
geological time.

A

BIOGEOGRAPHY

34
Q

The classification of organisms into broad
taxonomic categories like kingdoms or
phyla.

A

MACROTAXONOMY

35
Q

The classification of organisms at finer levels,
such as species and subspecies.

A

MICROTAXONOMY

36
Q

The practice of a scientist revising or
redefining the taxonomy of a group of
organisms, often those they initially studied.

A

AUTOTAXONOMY

37
Q

The loss of one species leading to the
extinction of another, often due to close
ecological interactions.

A

COEXTINCTION

38
Q

A relationship where one organism lives
inside another, leading to evolutionary
developments.

A

ENDOSYMBIOSIS

39
Q

A scientific name in which the genus and
species names are identical (e.g., Bison bison)

A

TAUTONYM

40
Q

a species with a global distribution across
many geographic areas.

A

COSMOPOLITAN

EARTHQUAKE (15 decks)

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