QUIZ 2.3

Question 1

The science of naming, describing, and
classifying organisms into groups based on
shared characteristics.

Answer 1

TAXONOMY

Question 2

The arrangement of organisms into orderly
groups based on their similarities and
relationships.

Answer 2

CLASSIFICATION

Question 3

The arrangement of taxonomic ranks in
order, from broadest to most specific

Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order →
Family → Genus → Species

Answer 3

HIERARCHY

Question 4

A method of classification based on the
evolutionary relationships and common
ancestry of organisms.

Answer 4

CLADISTIC

Question 5

A group or category in the taxonomic
hierarchy, such as species, genus, or
family.

Answer 5

TAXON

Question 6

A system of naming organisms
following specific rules and
conventions.

Answer 6

NOMENCLATURE

Question 7

The study of biological diversity and the
relationships among organisms,
encompassing taxonomy and
phylogeny.

Answer 7

SYSTEMATICS

Question 8

The variety of life forms within a given
ecosystem, biome, or the entire Earth.

Answer 8

BIODIVERSITY

Question 9

A domain of single-celled
microorganisms distinct from bacteria,
often found in extreme environments.

Answer 9

ARCHAEBACTERIA

Question 10

An ancestral trait shared by two
or more taxa.

Answer 10

SYMPLESIOMORPHY

Question 11

The process through which new species
arise.

Answer 11

SPECIATION

Question 12

An organism resulting from the
crossbreeding of two different species or
taxa.

Answer 12

HYBRID

Question 13

The branch of science that studies the
geographic distribution of animal species.

Answer 13

ZOOGEOGRAPHY

Question 14

The plants of a particular region, habitat, or
geological period.

Answer 14

FLORA

Question 15

The animals of a particular region, habitat,
or geological period.

Answer 15

FAUNA

Question 16

An evolution process by which unrelated
organisms evolve similar traits due to
similar environmental pressures.

Answer 16

CONVERGENT

Question 17

An evolution process by which two or more
related species become more dissimilar over
time.

Answer 17

DIVIRGENT

Question 18

The observable characteristics or traits of an
organism, such as morphology, behavior,
and physiology.

Answer 18

PHENOTYPE

Question 19

The genetic constitution of an organism that
determines its characteristics.

Answer 19

GENOTYPE

Question 20

Refers to a clade that includes all
descendants of a common ancestor

Answer 20

HOLOPHYLETIC

Question 21

A population of a species that is adapted to a
specific ecological environment.

Answer 21

ECOTYPE

Question 22

A group of organisms used as a reference
point in cladistic analysis to determine
evolutionary relationships.

Answer 22

OUTGROUP

Question 23

The group of organisms being studied in a
phylogenetic analysis.

Answer 23

INGROUP

Question 24

The condition where two or more scientific
names refer to the same taxon.

Answer 24

SYNONYM

Question 25

The study of evolutionary relationships using genomic data.

Answer 25

PHYLOGENOMIC

Question 26

The evolutionary change within a single lineage over time.

Answer 26

ANAGENESIS

Question 27

The evolutionary splitting of a lineage into two or more distinct lineages.

Answer 27

CLADOGENESIS

Question 28

A unique derived trait specific to a single taxon

Answer 28

AUTAMORPHY

Question 29

A branching diagram showing similarity in observable traits among organisms, regardless of evolutionary relationships.

Answer 29

PHENOGRAM

Question 30

The mutual adaptation of two or more species or traits that interact closely.

Answer 30

COADAPTATION

Question 31

A trait that has evolved independently in different species due to similar environmental pressures, not shared ancestry.

Answer 31

HOMOPLASY

Question 32

Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, highlighting interspecies relationships.

Answer 32

ZOONOSIS

Question 33

The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.

Answer 33

BIOGEOGRAPHY

Question 34

The classification of organisms into broad taxonomic categories like kingdoms or phyla.

Answer 34

MACROTAXONOMY

Question 35

The classification of organisms at finer levels, such as species and subspecies.

Answer 35

MICROTAXONOMY

Question 36

The practice of a scientist revising or redefining the taxonomy of a group of organisms, often those they initially studied.

Answer 36

AUTOTAXONOMY

Question 37

The loss of one species leading to the extinction of another, often due to close ecological interactions.

Answer 37

COEXTINCTION

Question 38

A relationship where one organism lives inside another, leading to evolutionary developments.

Answer 38

ENDOSYMBIOSIS

Question 39

A scientific name in which the genus and species names are identical (e.g., Bison bison)

Answer 39

TAUTONYM

Question 40

a species with a global distribution across many geographic areas.

Answer 40

COSMOPOLITAN