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EARTHQUAKE > QUIZ 2.2 > Flashcards

QUIZ 2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

The phase where the cell grows,
replicates its DNA, and prepares for
cell division.

A

INTERPHASE

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2
Q

The first stage of mitosis, where
chromosomes condense, and the
nuclear membrane begins to dissolve.

A

PROPHASE

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3
Q

The first stage of mitosis, where
chromosomes condense, and the
nuclear membrane begins to dissolve.

A

METAPHASE

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4
Q

The stage where sister chromatids
separate and move to opposite ends of
the cell.

A

ANAPHASE

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5
Q

The stage where chromosomes reach
opposite ends of the cell, and new nuclear
membranes form around each set.

A

TELOPHASE

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6
Q

The process of dividing the cytoplasm
to create two separate daughter cells.

A

CYTOKINESIS

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7
Q

A structure composed of DNA and
proteins, carrying genetic
information.

A

CHROMOSOME

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8
Q

The central part of a chromosome
where sister chromatids are attached.

A

CENTROMERE

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9
Q

Each of the two identical halves of a
duplicated chromosome.

A

CHROMATID

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10
Q

A cell that contains two sets of
chromosomes, one from each parent.

A

DIPLOID

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11
Q

Subcellular structure that has one or
more specific jobs to perform in the
cell.

A

ORGANELLES

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12
Q

Cells that can differentiate into any
cell or tissue in the body.

A

PLURIPOTENT

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13
Q

Cells that can differentiate into
multiple cell type, but are limited to
a specific lineage.

A

MULTIPOTENT

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14
Q

Filamentous structures that help
separate chromosomes during cell
division.

A

MICROTUBULES

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15
Q

A cylindrical organelle involved in the
development of spindle fibers in
animal cells.

A

CENTRIOLES

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16
Q

A sex cell (sperm or egg) that carries
half the genetic information of an
organism.

A

GAMETE

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17
Q

The fertilized cell formed by the
union of two gametes, restoring the
diploid chromosome number.

A

ZYGOTE

18
Q

Refers to chromosomes that have the
same structure and genes but may
carry different alleles

A

HOMOLOGOUS

19
Q

A variant of a gene that may produce
different traits.

A

ALLELE

20
Q

The pairing of homologous
chromosomes during meiosis I,
allowing crossing-over to occur.

A

SYNAPSIS

21
Q

A group of four chromatids (two
homologous chromosomes) that forms
during synapsis in meiosis.

A

TETRAD

22
Q

The union of male and female
gametes to form a zygote.

A

FERTILIZATION

23
Q

The separation of alleles or chromosomes
during meiosis, ensuring each gamete
gets one allele from each pair.

A

SEGREGRATION

24
Q

Programmed cell death, a normal
process in development and health to
remove unneeded or damaged cells.

A

APOPTOSIS

25
Q

The division of a cell’s nucleus during
mitosis.

A

KARYOKINESIS

26
Q

A protein structure on chromosomes
where spindle fibers attach during cell
division.

A

KINETOOCHORE

27
Q

The halving of the chromosome number in
meiosis, transforming a diploid cell into
haploid gametes.

A

REDUCTION

28
Q

The site where crossing-over occurs
between homologous chromosomes
during meiosis.

A

CHIASMA

29
Q

A change in the DNA sequence of a
gene that can result in a new trait or
characteristic.

A

MUTATION

30
Q

The study of changes in gene
expression caused by factors other than
changes in DNA sequence, often
influenced by environmental factors.

A

EPIGENETICS

31
Q

An organism that has been genetically
modified by introducing genes from
another species.

A

TRANSGENIC

32
Q

A chromosome that is not a sex
chromosome.

A

AUTOSOME

33
Q

A trait controlled by multiple genes,
often showing a range of expressions
(e.g., skin color or height).

A

POLYGENIC

34
Q

A star-shaped structure formed around
each centrosome during mitosis in
animal cells.

A

ASTER

35
Q

Regulatory points within the cell cycle
that ensure each stage is completed
correctly before moving to the next
stage.

A

CHECKPOINTS

36
Q

Protein complexes that hold sister
chromatids together until they are
separated during anaphase

A

COHESIN

37
Q

A short resting phase between meiosis
I and meiosis II where no DNA
replication occurs.

A

INTERKINESIS

38
Q

A condition where cells within the
same individual have different genetic
compositions, often due to mutations in
development.

A

MOSAICISM

39
Q

The rapid multiplication of cells through
cell division, often observed in tissues
during growth or repair.

A

PROLIFERATION

40
Q

The spread of cancer cells from the
original site to other parts of the body
through the bloodstream or lymphatic
system.

A

METASTASIS

EARTHQUAKE (15 decks)

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