QUIZ 2.2

Question 1

The phase where the cell grows,
replicates its DNA, and prepares for
cell division.

Answer 1

INTERPHASE

Question 2

The first stage of mitosis, where
chromosomes condense, and the
nuclear membrane begins to dissolve.

Answer 2

PROPHASE

Question 3

The first stage of mitosis, where
chromosomes condense, and the
nuclear membrane begins to dissolve.

Answer 3

METAPHASE

Question 4

The stage where sister chromatids
separate and move to opposite ends of
the cell.

Answer 4

ANAPHASE

Question 5

The stage where chromosomes reach
opposite ends of the cell, and new nuclear
membranes form around each set.

Answer 5

TELOPHASE

Question 6

The process of dividing the cytoplasm
to create two separate daughter cells.

Answer 6

CYTOKINESIS

Question 7

A structure composed of DNA and
proteins, carrying genetic
information.

Answer 7

CHROMOSOME

Question 8

The central part of a chromosome
where sister chromatids are attached.

Answer 8

CENTROMERE

Question 9

Each of the two identical halves of a
duplicated chromosome.

Answer 9

CHROMATID

Question 10

A cell that contains two sets of
chromosomes, one from each parent.

Answer 10

DIPLOID

Question 11

Subcellular structure that has one or
more specific jobs to perform in the
cell.

Answer 11

ORGANELLES

Question 12

Cells that can differentiate into any
cell or tissue in the body.

Answer 12

PLURIPOTENT

Question 13

Cells that can differentiate into
multiple cell type, but are limited to
a specific lineage.

Answer 13

MULTIPOTENT

Question 14

Filamentous structures that help
separate chromosomes during cell
division.

Answer 14

MICROTUBULES

Question 15

A cylindrical organelle involved in the
development of spindle fibers in
animal cells.

Answer 15

CENTRIOLES

Question 16

A sex cell (sperm or egg) that carries
half the genetic information of an
organism.

Answer 16

GAMETE

Question 17

The fertilized cell formed by the
union of two gametes, restoring the
diploid chromosome number.

Answer 17

ZYGOTE

Question 18

Refers to chromosomes that have the
same structure and genes but may
carry different alleles

Answer 18

HOMOLOGOUS

Question 19

A variant of a gene that may produce
different traits.

Answer 19

ALLELE

Question 20

The pairing of homologous
chromosomes during meiosis I,
allowing crossing-over to occur.

Answer 20

SYNAPSIS

Question 21

A group of four chromatids (two
homologous chromosomes) that forms
during synapsis in meiosis.

Answer 21

TETRAD

Question 22

The union of male and female
gametes to form a zygote.

Answer 22

FERTILIZATION

Question 23

The separation of alleles or chromosomes
during meiosis, ensuring each gamete
gets one allele from each pair.

Answer 23

SEGREGRATION

Question 24

Programmed cell death, a normal
process in development and health to
remove unneeded or damaged cells.

Answer 24

APOPTOSIS

Question 25

The division of a cell's nucleus during mitosis.

Answer 25

KARYOKINESIS

Question 26

A protein structure on chromosomes where spindle fibers attach during cell division.

Answer 26

KINETOOCHORE

Question 27

The halving of the chromosome number in meiosis, transforming a diploid cell into haploid gametes.

Answer 27

REDUCTION

Question 28

The site where crossing-over occurs between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Answer 28

CHIASMA

Question 29

A change in the DNA sequence of a gene that can result in a new trait or characteristic.

Answer 29

MUTATION

Question 30

The study of changes in gene expression caused by factors other than changes in DNA sequence, often influenced by environmental factors.

Answer 30

EPIGENETICS

Question 31

An organism that has been genetically modified by introducing genes from another species.

Answer 31

TRANSGENIC

Question 32

A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Answer 32

AUTOSOME

Question 33

A trait controlled by multiple genes, often showing a range of expressions (e.g., skin color or height).

Answer 33

POLYGENIC

Question 34

A star-shaped structure formed around each centrosome during mitosis in animal cells.

Answer 34

ASTER

Question 35

Regulatory points within the cell cycle that ensure each stage is completed correctly before moving to the next stage.

Answer 35

CHECKPOINTS

Question 36

Protein complexes that hold sister chromatids together until they are separated during anaphase

Answer 36

COHESIN

Question 37

A short resting phase between meiosis I and meiosis II where no DNA replication occurs.

Answer 37

INTERKINESIS

Question 38

A condition where cells within the same individual have different genetic compositions, often due to mutations in development.

Answer 38

MOSAICISM

Question 39

The rapid multiplication of cells through cell division, often observed in tissues during growth or repair.

Answer 39

PROLIFERATION

Question 40

The spread of cancer cells from the original site to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

Answer 40

METASTASIS