QUIZ 2.1

Question 1

Nutrients required in large amounts,
including carbohydrates, proteins, and
fats, which provide energy and are
essential for growth and bodily
functions.

Answer 1

MACRONUTRIENTS

Question 2

Nutrients needed in small amounts, like
vitamins and minerals, essential for
specific bodily functions and disease
prevention.

Answer 2

MICRONUTRIENTS

Question 3

The process by which the body converts
food into energy and builds or repairs
tissues.

Answer 3

METABOLISM

Question 4

A stored form of glucose found mainly in
the liver and muscles, used as a quick
energy source when needed.

Answer 4

GLYCOGEN

Question 5

A soft mass of chewed food mixed with
saliva, formed in the mouth before
swallowing.

Answer 5

BOLUS

Question 6

Involuntary muscle contractions that move
food along the digestive tract, from the
esophagus to the intestines.

Answer 6

PERISTALSIS

Question 7

A flap of tissue that covers the windpipe
during swallowing to prevent food from
entering the respiratory system.

Answer 7

EPIGLOTTIS

Question 8

Small lymphatic vessels within the villi of
the small intestine that absorb dietary fats
and transport them into the bloodstream.

Answer 8

LACTEALS

Question 9

Tiny hair-like projections on the surface of
villi that further increase surface area for
nutrient absorption in the small intestine.

Answer 9

MICROVILLI

Question 10

A thick, semi-liquid mixture of partially
digested food and digestive juices formed
in the stomach and passed into the small
intestine.

Answer 10

CHYME

Question 11

The final section of the small intestine,
responsible for absorbing vitamin B12, bile
salts, and any remaining nutrients.

Answer 11

ILEUM

Question 12

A part of metabolism where the body
builds up cells and tissues, using energy
and nutrients to grow and repair.

Answer 12

ANABOLISM

Question 13

The process of breaking down large
molecules in food into smaller molecules to
release energy.

Answer 13

CATABOLISM

Question 14

A group of naturally occurring molecules
that include fats and oils, which are used
as an energy source and for storing energy
in the body.

Answer 14

LIPIDS

Question 15

Compounds produced by the liver when
fats are broken down for energy, often
used by the body during times of low
carbohydrate intake

Answer 15

KETONES

Question 16

A yellow compound that results from the
breakdown of red blood cells, processed by
the liver, and excreted in bile.

Answer 16

BILIRUBIN

Question 17

A waste product formed in the liver from
the breakdown of proteins, which is
filtered out of the blood by the kidneys
and excreted in urine.

Answer 17

UREA

Question 18

The process by which bile breaks down
large fat droplets into smaller ones, making
it easier for enzymes to digest fats.

Answer 18

EMULSIFICATION

Question 19

The final act of digestion, involving the
elimination of indigestible waste from the
body through the rectum.

Answer 19

DEFECATION

Question 20

Inflammation of the stomach and
intestines, often caused by infection,
resulting in symptoms like nausea,
vomiting, and diarrhea.

Answer 20

GASTROENTERITIS

Question 21

A medical procedure that uses a flexible
tube with a camera to visually examine the
digestive tract for diagnosis and treatment

Answer 21

ENDOSCOPY

Question 22

A surgical procedure to remove the
gallbladder, commonly performed to treat
gallstones or gallbladder disease.

Answer 22

CHOLECYSTECTOMY

Question 23

Beneficial bacteria that aid digestion and
support a healthy gut, often found in foods
like yogurt and supplements.

Answer 23

PROBIOTICS

Question 24

Medications that neutralize stomach acid
to relieve symptoms of acid reflux or
indigestion.

Answer 24

ANTACIDS

Question 25

Substances in foods, such as vitamins C and E, that protect cells from damage caused by free radicals

Answer 25

ANTIOXIDANTS

Question 26

An indigestible carbohydrate found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains that aids in digestion and helps regulate blood sugar levels.

Answer 26

FIBER

Question 27

A ring-like muscle that controls the passage of food from one part of the digestive system to another, such as the lower esophageal sphincter between the esophagus and stomach

Answer 27

SPHINCTER

Question 28

A slippery substance produced by the lining of the digestive tract, protecting the stomach wall and aiding smooth passage of food.

Answer 28

MUCUS

Question 29

Tiny blood vessels within the villi of the small intestine that absorb amino acids, sugars, and other nutrients into the bloodstream

Answer 29

CAPILLARIES

Question 30

A pouch at the beginning of the large intestine where the small intestine connects, playing a role in absorbing fluids and salts.

Answer 30

CECUM

Question 31

The middle section of the small intestine, where much of the absorption of digested nutrients takes place

Answer 31

JEJENUM

Question 32

The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment, including balanced levels of nutrients and energy.

Answer 32

HOMEOSTASIS

Question 33

The process by which the liver neutralizes and removes harmful toxins from the blood.

Answer 33

DETOXIFICATION

Question 34

The last part of the large intestine, where waste is stored before being excreted through the anus

Answer 34

RECTUM

Question 35

The main portion of the large intestine responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from waste material

Answer 35

COLON

Question 36

A substance that stimulates bowel movements, often used to treat constipation by softening stools or increasing movement in the intestines

Answer 36

LAXATIVE

Question 37

A condition often caused by liver disease, where a buildup of bilirubin results in yellowing of the skin and eyes

Answer 37

JAUNDICE

Question 38

A diagnostic procedure that uses a camera to view the inside of the large intestine to detect issues like polyps or inflammation.

Answer 38

COLONOSCOPY

Question 39

Inflammation of small pouches that can form in the wall of the large intestine, leading to pain and digestive issues.

Answer 39

DIVERTICULITIS

Question 40

Swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus, often caused by straining, constipation, or sitting for extended periods.

Answer 40

HEMORRHOIDS

Question 41

A substance that stimulates bowel movements, often used to treat constipation by softening stools or increasing movement in the intestines

Answer 41

LAXATIVES