ANIMALS Flashcards
the field of biology that deals with the
process of identifying, naming, and
classifying organisms
TAXONOMY
“taxis”:
“nomos”:
ARRANGEMENT
LAWS
subdivision of systems, the study of
biological diversity and its evolution
TAXONOMY
led to the discovery of approximately 8.7
million species
TAXONOMY
taxonomists name organisms by
assigning _____ names (two _____
words
SCIENTIFIC/ LATIN
__terrestrial &__ aquatic
6.5
2.2
taxonomists name organisms by :
genus and species
based on organisms’ characteristics
GENUS AND SPECIES
BASED ON ORGANISMS CHARCTERISTICS
_____ has once classified
organisms with red blood and those
without
ARISTOTLE
considered to be the father of modern
taxonomy
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
what did caroulus linnaeus publish
SYSTEMA NATURAE
developed a system of classification
based on organism’s physical form and
behavior characteristics
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
grouped all living things into kingdoms,
such as the animal and plant kingdoms
CAROLUS LINNAEUS
a downward look in the levels of
_____ reveals that organisms
resemble one another more and more
CLASSIFICATION
proposed a definition of the term species
referred to as the biological species
concept
they are actually a group of organisms
that can interbreed and produce
fertile offspring in the natural
environment
cheetahs, monarch butterflies, etc.
can breed with their own kinds
Ernst Mayr | Theodosius Dobzhansky
advocated by many scientists like Jean-
Baptiste Lamarck, Charles Darwin, and
Ernst Haeckel
PHYLOGENIC SPECIES
_____ is the evolutionary history of a
certain species
PHYLOGENY
classifying organisms based not only on
physical similarities but also on their
ancestry and descent
PHYLOGENIC SPECIES
the field of taxonomy that deals with identifying the
evolutionary relationships among the many different kinds of
life on Earth, including extant and extinct
PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATIC
proposed by Charles Darwin in his On the
Origin of Species
used as an analogy to demonstrate that
all species originated from one or two
species
ancestral groups being at the bottom
related species being at the branches
individual living species at the tips of
twigs
TREE OF LIFE
Latin binomen which means “two names”
present system of naming organisms
first name is genus that ALWAYS starts
with a capital letter
second name is species that ALWAYS
starts with a small letter
This two-word name is referred to as
scientific name of a particular organism
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
Latin words are usually descriptive
can give clues about the
characteristics of the organism, the
place where it was first identified, or
even the person who first identified
the organism
Example:
Fasciola hepatica - invades the liver (hepa)
Dillenia philippinensis - Philippine dillenia
Naja philippinensis - Philippine cobra
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
Scientific names are
italicized if written in a printed material
underlined if written by hand
Examples
Humans: Homo sapiens (man who is wise)
Mango: Mangifera indica
Bacterium: Escherichia coli
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
consisting of bacteria, archaea, eukarya
CONSISTING OF BACTERIA, ARCHEA, EUKARYA
Carl Woese & Ralph S. Wolfe proposed a
third domain of life that led to the
development of a new six-kingdom system
Eukarya (animals, fungi, plants, protists)
Archaea (bacteria-like organisms living in
extreme environments)
Bacteria (true bacteria)
SIX KINDOM SYSTEM
the Domain is the highest taxonomic
group, before the kingdom group
living world divided into three domains
2 prokaryotic
1 eukaryotic
SIX KINGDOM SYSTEM
true bacteria and cyanobacteria
EUBACTERIA
bacteria-like organisms in extreme
environments
ARCHAEA
The living world is so diverse to the
point that it’s quite impractical and
impossible to enumerate each one of
the millions of classified organisms.
Now, let’s talk about the different
kingdoms.
BIRDS EYE VIEW
most diverse and widespread among
the prokaryotes
unicellular that group together as
visible clusters of individual bacterial
cells (colonies)
they reproduce asexually
KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
widely distributed in environments
where there is life
bodies of animals
plant tissues
soil and water
producers, consumers, and
decomposers
KINGDOM EUBACTERIA
