Meosis Flashcards
how many groups are cell divided into
2
GERM CELL
SOMATIC CELLS
(haploid: n)
sperm cells (production: spermatogenesis)
egg cells (production: oogenesis)
GERM CELLS
sperm cells produce =
SPERMATOGENESIS
egg cells produce=
OOGENESIS
(diploid: 2n)
epithelial cells
muscle cells
nerve cells
SOMATIC CELLS
the union of two mature sex cells
FERTILIZATION
fertilization results to
ZYGOTE
how many chromosome from mother and father
23
After fertilization, ______ occurs in ______
until ______is formed.
MITOSIS/ ZYGOTE/ EMBRYO
diploid cell divides to produce
TWO INDENTICAL DIPLOID CELLS
do all somatic cells
contain a diploid number of
chromosomes
TRUE
important to reduce the number of
chromosomes from diploid to haploid
MEOSIS
necessary to maintain the chromosome
number once sperm & egg cells unite
MEOSIS
it will then be maintained through the
process of mitosis
MEOSIS
_______ are the first 22 pairs
AUTOSOME
is the last pair
CHROMOSOMES
a pair of one paternal chromosome and one maternal chromosome
HOMOLOGS
have the same gene position (locus), length, and centromere location
HOMOLOGS
______ is a variant of gene located at a specific locus on a chromosome
ALLELE
is an image that shows the 22 pairs of
autosomes and a single pair of sex
chromosomes arranged from the biggest
to the smallest pair
KARYOGRAM
similarity in banding pattern
size & shape
centromere location
gene content
KARYOGRAM
the process of doing karyogram is referred to as ______
KARYOTYPING
results in the formation of gametes
MEIOSIS
results in the production of 4 haploid
daughter cells
MEIOSIS
_________: reductional division
MEOSIS 1
_________: equational division
MEOSIS 2
chromosomes start to coil and shorten
nuclear envelope disintegrates
homologs pair up through synapsis
crossing over, which contributes to
genetic variability, may occur
between homologs
PROPHASE 1
homologs align at the metaphase
plate
homologs attach to spindle fibers at
the kinetochore in their centromeres
META PHASE 1
homologs separate
chromosomes are moved toward
opposite poles by the spindle fibers
ANAPHASE 1
chromosomes reach opposite poles
cleavage furrow appears and the
cytoplasm starts to divide
in most organisms, the nuclear
membrane forms
TELOPHASE 1
nuclear membrane disintegrates
new spindle fibers form around the
chromosomes
PROPHASE 2
chromosomes align at the metaphase
plate and attach to spindle fibers at
the kinetochore in the centromeres
METPHASE 2
each chromosome divides into two
sister chromatids
chromatids move toward opposite
poles
ANAPHASE 2
nuclear membrane forms around each
set of chromosomes
spindle fibers disintegrate
TELOPHASE 2
_________ is the reason no two individuals are
identical
GENETIC VARIATION
takes place during the alignment of homologs
in metaphase I
in humans with 23 homologs, it could result
in about 8 million different gamete
combination
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
exchange of genetic materials between
homologs
CROSSING OVER
during fertilization, the fusion of a sperm cell
and an egg cell involves a random process
the number of possible outcomes is
significantly more than the present human
population
RANDOM FERTILIZATION
