QUIZ 1.3 Flashcards

1
Q

The process by which dust and gas accumulate into larger bodies protoplanets,
through gravity.

A

ACCRETION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Asteroids big enough that a spaceship can land on them and people can walk on
their surface.

A

PLANETOIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A term that refers to very tiny meteoroids, also known as cosmic dusts.

A

MICROMETEORIODS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • A local term that refers to shooting stars or meteors.
A

BULALAKAW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The solid, central part of a comet, composed of rock, dust, and frozen gases.

A

NUCLEUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • The nebulous envelope of gas and dust that forms around a comet’s nucleus when it is
    near the Sun.
A

COMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The process by which a comet’s frozen gases turn directly from solid to gas when
heated by the Sun.

A

SUBLIMATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A large meteor that explodes in the atmosphere, producing a bright flash and possibly a
sonic boom.

A

BOLIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • The point in the sky from which meteors in a shower appear to originate.
A

RADIANT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • A type of stony meteorite containing small mineral grains.
A

CHONDRITE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A layer of loose, heterogeneous material covering solid rock, found on the surface of
planets, moons, asteroids, and comets.

A

REGOLITH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • The point in a comet’s orbit where it is closest to the Sun.
A

PERIHELION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • The point in a comet’s orbit where it is farthest from the Sun.
A

APHELION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • The process where a meteoroid burns up due to friction with Earth’s atmosphere,
    creating the meteor’s visible trail.
A

ABLATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A type of glassy object formed by the melting of terrestrial debris during a meteorite
impact.

A

TETKITE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • A well-known Near-Earth asteroid that will have close encounters with Earth in the future.
17
Q

The process by which an asteroid separates into layers (core, mantle, crust)
based on the density of materials, often seen in larger asteroids.

A

DIFFERENTIATION

18
Q

The bending of light around a massive object, like an asteroid or planet, which can be
used to detect objects in space.

19
Q

A small celestial body formed from dust and gas in the early solar system, which
can come together to form planets or asteroids.

A

PLANETESIMAL

20
Q
  • The measure of how much sunlight an object reflects; asteroids with low albedo are
    darker, while high-albedo objects are brighter.
21
Q

The speed an object must reach to break free from a planet’s or celestial
body’s gravitational influence.

A

ESCAPE VELOCITY

22
Q
  • A technique used to analyze the chemical composition of meteorites or
    asteroids to learn more about the materials that make up the solar system.
A

MASS SPECTROMETRY

23
Q
  • A type of small celestial object that has characteristics of both comets and asteroids
    and orbits between Jupiter and Neptune.
24
Q

The release of gases from a comet’s nucleus as it heats up near the Sun,
contributing to the formation of the coma and tails.

A

OUTGASSING

25
Rock fragments that have been cemented together by the pressure and heat of a meteorite impact.
BRECCIA
26
An ancient, stable part of Earth's crust that is more resistant to meteorite impacts.
CRATON
27
The large impact crater in the Yucatan Peninsula, formed by the asteroid believed to have caused the mass extinction of the dinosaurs.
CHICXULUB CRATER
28
- Ground, typically found in polar regions, that remains frozen year-round, sometimes containing ancient organic material, including meteoritic debris.
PERMAFROST
29
A three-dimensional geometric shape resembling a flattened sphere, often used to describe the general shape of some asteroids.
ELLIPSOID
30
How does a celestial impact affect Earth’s climate?
A large celestial impact can eject enormous amounts of dust and aerosols into the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and causing a period of global cooling. This sudden drop in temperature disrupts climate patterns, leading to freezing conditions and affecting plant growth. Over time, gases like CO2 can trap heat, creating a greenhouse effect and leading to long-term warming.