ANIMALS 2.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Latin words are usually _____

A

DESCRIPTIVE

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2
Q

can give clues about the
characteristics of the organism, the
place where it was first identified, or
even the person who first identified
the organism

A

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

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3
Q

Fasciola hepatica - invades the _____(hepa)

Dillenia philippinensis - _____

Naja philippinensis - _____

A

LIVER
PHILIPPINES DILLENIA
PHILIPPINE COBRA

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4
Q

what are three domains

A

BACTERIA/ ARCHAEA/EUKARYA

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5
Q

_____ & _____ proposed a
third domain of life that led to the
development of a new six-kingdom system

A

CARL WOESE/ RALPH S WOLFE

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6
Q

animals, fungi, plants, protists

A

EUKARYA

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7
Q

bacteria-like organisms living in
extreme environments

A

ARCHAEA

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8
Q

the _____ is the highest taxonomic group, before the kingdom group

A

DOMAIN

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9
Q

adopted to reflect the difference between
bacteria and archaea

A

SIX KINGDOM SYSTEM

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10
Q

_____ was divided into two distinct groups

A

MONERA

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11
Q

true bacteria and cyanobacteria

A

EUBACTERIA

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12
Q

bacteria-like organisms in extreme
environments

A

ARCHAEA

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13
Q

most diverse and widespread among
the prokaryotes

A

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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14
Q

unicellular that group together as
visible clusters of individual bacterial
cells (colonies)

A

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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15
Q

they reproduce asexually

A

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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16
Q

producers, consumers, and
decomposers

A

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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16
Q

widely distributed in environments
where there is life

A

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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17
Q

kingdom eubacteria they generate products like
_____, _____, and _____

A

NITROGEN/ VITAMIN/ ANTIBIOTIC

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17
Q

significant in the digestive tracks of
ruminants (mammals with unique
digestive tracks) to break down the
cellulose in the plants they eat

A

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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18
Q

_____ have ability to
cause diseases

A

BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

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19
Q

secrete proteins that attack
white blood cells

A

BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

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20
Q

_____ help digestive system
break down sugars
_____ into lactic acid

A

GOOD BACTERIA/ LACTOSE

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21
Q

bacteria are the most _____
organisms based on mode of
nutrition

A

VERSTAILE

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22
Q

_____ are
photoautotrophs

some bacteria are
_____

A

CYANOBACTERIA/ CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC

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23
_____can take nitrogen from the atmosphere to nurture green plants
RHIZOBIUM
24
some bacteria decompose sewage so that the waste can be used again as _____.
FERTILIZER
25
kingdom archaea first discovered in ____when scientists took samples from a hot vent on the floor of the _____
1983/ pacific ocean
26
believed to be the oldest life-forms on Earth
KINGDOM ARCHAEA
27
Archaea comes from the _____ word _____, which means “ancient” or “primitive.”
GREEK/ ARCHAIOS
28
they have unique cellular characteristics that allow them to survive extreme environmental conditions
KINGDOM ARCHAEA
29
Extreme halophiles =
SALT LOVING
30
thrive in salty environments like salt lakes, salt evaporation ponds, and brine solution
EXTREME HALOPHILES
31
extreme halophiles can withstand __to __percent salinity in water or even higher
15 TO 30
32
anaerobic archaeans that release methane as a waste product
METHANOGENS
33
they survive in swamps, hot springs, sewage, and intestinal tracts of humans and ruminants
METHANOGENS
34
nearly half of the known archaeans are _____
METHANOGENS
35
they contribute greatly to global warming due to generation of methane in solid waste landfills
METHANOGENS
36
Extreme _____ (heat-loving)
THERMOPHILES
37
live in very hot temperatures, usually around 100 degree Celsius
EXTREME THERMOPHILES
38
others thrive in acidic environments with high concentrations of sulfur
others thrive in acidic environments with high concentrations of sulfur
39
thermophilic acidophilic lives in coal deposits found hundreds of feet below the ground
THERMOPLASMA ACIDOPHILUM
40
most primitive and diverse among unicellular eukaryotic organisms
KINGDOM PROTISTA
41
major groups within this kingdom include algae, euglenoids, ciliates, protozoans, and flagellates
KINGDOM PROTISTA
42
most protists are _____and are _____
UNICELLULAR/ MULTICELLLAR
43
giant kelp (largest organism) is a protist that can grow up to __ meters long
60
44
mostly found in _____, freshwater habitats, _____, and even in the body fluids of some organisms
MARINE ECO SYSTEM/ DAMP SOIL
45
they have a wide array of locomotory organs
KINGDOM PROTISTA
46
due to their immense diversity, taxonomists sometimes categorized them as plantlike animallike fungus-like
KINGDOM PROTISTA
47
multicellular and are all autotrophic
KINGDOM PLANTAE
48
in kingdom plantae, cells are enclosed by _____ ___ _____
RIGID CELL WALLS
49
_____ are green pigments that are involved in food production
CHLOROPHYLL
50
kingdom plantae believed to have been originated from ancestors related to the group of green algae called _____
CHAROPHYTES
51
kingdom plantae divided into __ general groups _____ _____
NONVASCULAR/ VASCULAR
52
mostly low-growing do not possess roots for absorbing water from the ground
NONVASCULAR
53
bryophytes lack tracheid liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are common examples they reproduce sexually & asexually
NONVASCULAR
54
they have true vascular tissues (phloem & xylem
VASCULAR
55
conducts manufactured food to other parts of the plant body
PHLOEM
56
absorbs water & minerals from soil made up of tracheid and vessel elements
XYLEM
57
_____ develop as plant embryo within a seed
SEED PLANTS
58
_____ have protective wall of the mature ovary or fruit
ANGIOSPERMS
59
monocots ( _ cotyledon) dicots (_cotyledons)
1 2
60
organisms whose ancestors existed on Earth more than 900 mya based on fossil records
KINGDOM FUNGI
61
shares common characteristics with Kingdom Animalia
KINGDOM FUNGI
62
members include mushrooms, yeasts, molds, mildews, rusts, bracket fungi, etc.
KINGDOM FUNGI
63
most are saprophytic, parasitic, predatory, and symbiotic
KINGDOM FUNGI
64
kingdom fungi cell walls contain _____, a polysaccharide common to arthropods’ skeletons
CHITIN/ POLYSACHHARIDE
65
in kingdom fungi, animals store food in the form of _____, where plants in the form of _____
GLYCOGEN/ STARTCH
66
photosynthetic microorganisms like _____and _____provide fungus like lichens with organic compounds during _____
ALGAE/ CYANOBACERIA/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS
67
fungus provide _____, _____, and protection to the _____ symbiont
NUTRIETNS/ MOISTURE/ PHOTOSYNTHETIC
68
some fungi are used to produce _____ and _____
PENICILLIN/ ANTIBIOTIC
69
fungi such as _____ act as agents for fermentation and brewing
YEASTS
70
_____are also used as model organisms for studying problems in genetics and molecular biology
FUNGI
71
can fungi cause plant and animal diseases
YES
72
immune systems weakened by HIV may lead to pneumonia that might be caused by _____
PNEMOCYSTIS JIROVECII
73
multicellular organisms without cell walls or chlorophyll
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
74
body parts organized into tissues with specialized to some degree to perform specific functions
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
75
kingdom animalia level of consumers are subdivided into _____/ _____/ _____
HERBIVORES/ CARNIVORES/ OMNIVORES
76
in kingdom animalia classified as either _____and _____
VERTEBRATES/ INVERTEBRATES
77
biggest kingdom in the living world
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
78
estimated to have _million species named and identified estimated to have _ to _ million species unknown
1/ 7/ 8
79
ACELLULAR INFECTIOUS AGENTS
ACELLULAR INFECTIOUS AGENTS
80
they need to infect living cells in order to reproduce
ACELLULAR INFECTIOUS AGENTS
81
they cause harm or even kill their host cells
ACELLULAR INFECTIOUS AGENTS
82
made up of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA
VIRUSES
83
viruses are enclosed within a protein coat (_____)
CAPSID
84
a virus found outside a cell is called _____/ an inert particle that cannot move, grow, replicate on its own
VIRION
85
once they enter a living cell, they can utilize the machinery of the cell to reproduce and produce more viral particles
VIRUSES
86
viruses sizes range from _to _____ nm
50 TO 300
87
appear as helical, icosahedral, and complex in symmetry
VIRUSES
88
most human diseases are caused by _____ polio (_____) smallpox (_____) hepatitis (_____) dengue (_____) HIV infection
VIRUSES POLIO VIRUSES VARIOLA VIRUS HEPATITIS VIRUSES DENGUE VIRUS
89
infectious RNA particles
VIRIODS
90
smaller than viruses not enclosed by a protein coat, unlike viruses
VIRIODS
91
can only reproduce inside a host cell
VIRIODS
92
can infect and damage only plant tissues
VIRIODS
93
they cause spindle tuber disease in _____
POTATOES
94
stunted growth in _____
CHRYSANTHEMUMS
95
viriods have pale fruit disease in _____
CUCUMBERS
96
_____-_____ disease in coconut trees this disease almost wiped out the Philippine coconut industry in the _____ century
CADANG CADANG 20th
97
simplest form of acellular infectious particles
PRIONS
98
prions was discovered in _____by _____ _____
1982/ STANLEY PRUSINER
99
main cause of several diseases in animals _____ in cattle _____ in sheep and goats Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease _____ in humans
MAD COW DISEASE SCRAPIE DISEASES KURU DISEASES
100
refers to the number and variety of life- forms present in a biological community
SPECIES DIVERSITY
101
refers to the number and variety of life- forms present in a biological community
102
_____ - number of different kinds of species in a particular area
SPECIES RICHNESS
103
_____- abundance of individual members within a particular species
SPECIES EVENNESS
104
high SR because of different species of insects, birds, mammals, and trees low SE because of low number of individual orangutans due to a threat to their survival
TROPICAL RAINFOREST
105
low SR due to limited variety of species such as scorpions, chameleons, and rattlesnakes high SE since there are a lot of these individual species in the area
DESERT
106
_____ is the sum total of the way of life of a species, including its survival, feeding, and reproductive abilities
ECOLOGICAL NICHE
107
can live in a variety of environments eat many different kinds of food can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions can produce many offspring cockroaches, rats, humans
GENERALITIES SPECIES
108
live in a narrow niche live in one habitat eat a specific food sensitive to environmental changes usually produce few offspring pandas, flamingoes, rhinoceroses
SPECIALISTS SPECIES
109
organisms that have naturally occurred in a particular area throughout history without being introduced to humans endemic and indigenous
NATIVE SPECIES
110
endemic species can only be found in one place and nowhere else tamaraw, tarsier, Philippine bamboo bat indigenous species have a wider range and may naturally occur in several regions at the same time
NATIVE SPECIES
111
species that either migrate accidentally they may be introduced as pets, food, ornaments, or carried in cargoes some can become naturalized some can be threats to their new environment
NON-NATIVE SPECIES
112
_____ introduced in the Philippines as an additional source of income for farmers has become one of the perennial pests in rice paddies
GOLDEN APPLE SNAIL
113
_____ introduced to the Philippines from _____ they compete with native fish for food, causing the decline of native species
TILAPIA/ AFRICA
114
species that act as biological smoke alarms because they give out warning signals to other species about damage to an ecosystem birds and frogs
INDICATOR SPECIES
115
exist only in limited numbers they perform roles such as controlling the population of other species by eating sick and old members sharks and alligators
KEYSTON SPECIES
116
organisms that help create and reshape habitats and ecosystems beavers
FOUNDATION SPECIES
117
most biodiverse area on Earth it is also where biodiversity is most at risk approximately 80% of endangered species are found here
ASIA PACIFIC REGION
118
countries here have lost 70 - 90 percent of their original wildlife habitat plant species are dying before test for potential cures for deadly diseases
ASIA PACIFIC REGION
119
The science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms into groups based on shared characteristics.
TAXONOMY
120
The arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities and relationships.
CLASSIFICATION
121
The arrangement of taxonomic ranks in order, from broadest to most specific Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species
HIERARCHY
122
A method of classification based on the evolutionary relationships and common ancestry of organisms
CLADISTICS
123
A group or category in the taxonomic hierarchy, such as species, genus, or family.
TAXON
124
A system of naming organisms following specific rules and conventions.
NOMENCLATURE
125
The study of biological diversity and the relationships among organisms, encompassing taxonomy and phylogeny.
SYSTEMATICS
126
The variety of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or the entire Earth.
BIODIVERSITY
127
A domain of single-celled microorganisms distinct from bacteria, often found in extreme environments.
ARCHAEBACTERIA
128
An ancestral trait shared by two or more taxa.
SYMPLESIOMORPHY
129
The process through which new species arise.
SPECIATION
130
An organism resulting from the crossbreeding of two different species or taxa.
HYBRID
131
The branch of science that studies the geographic distribution of animal species.
ZOOGEOGRAPHY
132
The plants of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.
FLORA
133
The animals of a particular region, habitat, or geological period.
FAUNA
134
An evolution process by which unrelated organisms evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.
CONVERGENT
135
An evolution process by which two or more related species become more dissimilar over time.
DIVERGENT
136
The observable characteristics or traits of an organism, such as morphology, behavior, and physiology.
PHENOTYPE
137
The genetic constitution of an organism that determines its characteristics.
GENOTYPE
138
Refers to a clade that includes all descendants of a common ancestor.
HOLOPHYLETIC
139
A population of a species that is adapted to a specific ecological environment.
ECOTYPE
140
A group of organisms used as a reference point in cladistic analysis to determine evolutionary relationships.
OUTGROUP
141
The group of organisms being studied in a phylogenetic analysis.
INGROUP
142
The condition where two or more scientific names refer to the same taxon.
SYNONYM
143
The study of evolutionary relationships using genomic data.
PHYLOGENOMIC
144
The evolutionary change within a single lineage over time.
ANAGENESIS
145
The evolutionary splitting of a lineage into two or more distinct lineages.
CLADOGENESIS
146
A unique derived trait specific to a single taxon
AUTAPOMORPHY
147
A branching diagram showing similarity in observable traits among organisms, regardless of evolutionary relationships.
PHENOGRAM
148
The mutual adaptation of two or more species or traits that interact closely.
COADAPTATION
149
A trait that has evolved independently in different species due to similar environmental pressures, not shared ancestry.
HOMOPLASY
150
Diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, highlighting interspecies relationships.
ZOONOSIS
151
The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time.
BIOGEOGRAPHY
152
The classification of organisms into broad taxonomic categories like kingdoms or phyla.
MACROTAXONOMY
153
The classification of organisms at finer levels, such as species and subspecies.
MICROTAXONOMY
154
The practice of a scientist revising or redefining the taxonomy of a group of organisms, often those they initially studied
AUTOTAXONOMY
155
The loss of one species leading to the extinction of another, often due to close ecological interactions.
COEXTINCTION
156
A relationship where one organism lives inside another, leading to evolutionary developments.
ENDOSYMBIOSIS
157
A scientific name in which the genus and species names are identical (e.g., Bison bison).
TAUTONYM
158
A species with a global distribution across many geographic areas.
COSMOPOLITAN