ANIMALS 2.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Latin words are usually _____

A

DESCRIPTIVE

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2
Q

can give clues about the
characteristics of the organism, the
place where it was first identified, or
even the person who first identified
the organism

A

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

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3
Q

Fasciola hepatica - invades the _____(hepa)

Dillenia philippinensis - _____

Naja philippinensis - _____

A

LIVER
PHILIPPINES DILLENIA
PHILIPPINE COBRA

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4
Q

what are three domains

A

BACTERIA/ ARCHAEA/EUKARYA

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5
Q

_____ & _____ proposed a
third domain of life that led to the
development of a new six-kingdom system

A

CARL WOESE/ RALPH S WOLFE

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6
Q

animals, fungi, plants, protists

A

EUKARYA

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7
Q

bacteria-like organisms living in
extreme environments

A

ARCHAEA

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8
Q

the _____ is the highest taxonomic group, before the kingdom group

A

DOMAIN

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9
Q

adopted to reflect the difference between
bacteria and archaea

A

SIX KINGDOM SYSTEM

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10
Q

_____ was divided into two distinct groups

A

MONERA

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11
Q

true bacteria and cyanobacteria

A

EUBACTERIA

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12
Q

bacteria-like organisms in extreme
environments

A

ARCHAEA

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13
Q

most diverse and widespread among
the prokaryotes

A

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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14
Q

unicellular that group together as
visible clusters of individual bacterial
cells (colonies)

A

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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15
Q

they reproduce asexually

A

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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16
Q

producers, consumers, and
decomposers

A

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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16
Q

widely distributed in environments
where there is life

A

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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17
Q

kingdom eubacteria they generate products like
_____, _____, and _____

A

NITROGEN/ VITAMIN/ ANTIBIOTIC

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17
Q

significant in the digestive tracks of
ruminants (mammals with unique
digestive tracks) to break down the
cellulose in the plants they eat

A

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA

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18
Q

_____ have ability to
cause diseases

A

BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

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19
Q

secrete proteins that attack
white blood cells

A

BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

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20
Q

_____ help digestive system
break down sugars
_____ into lactic acid

A

GOOD BACTERIA/ LACTOSE

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21
Q

bacteria are the most _____
organisms based on mode of
nutrition

A

VERSTAILE

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22
Q

_____ are
photoautotrophs

some bacteria are
_____

A

CYANOBACTERIA/ CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC

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23
Q

_____can take nitrogen from
the atmosphere to nurture green
plants

A

RHIZOBIUM

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24
Q

some bacteria decompose
sewage so that the waste can be
used again as _____.

A

FERTILIZER

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25
Q

kingdom archaea first discovered in ____when
scientists took samples from a hot
vent on the floor of the _____

A

1983/ pacific ocean

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26
Q

believed to be the oldest life-forms
on Earth

A

KINGDOM ARCHAEA

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27
Q

Archaea comes from the _____
word _____, which means
“ancient” or “primitive.”

A

GREEK/ ARCHAIOS

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28
Q

they have unique cellular
characteristics that allow them to
survive extreme environmental
conditions

A

KINGDOM ARCHAEA

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29
Q

Extreme halophiles =

A

SALT LOVING

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30
Q

thrive in salty environments like salt
lakes, salt evaporation ponds, and
brine solution

A

EXTREME HALOPHILES

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31
Q

extreme halophiles can withstand __to __percent
salinity in water or even higher

A

15 TO 30

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32
Q

anaerobic archaeans that release
methane as a waste product

A

METHANOGENS

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33
Q

they survive in swamps, hot springs,
sewage, and intestinal tracts of
humans and ruminants

A

METHANOGENS

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34
Q

nearly half of the known archaeans
are _____

A

METHANOGENS

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35
Q

they contribute greatly to global
warming due to generation of
methane in solid waste landfills

A

METHANOGENS

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36
Q

Extreme _____ (heat-loving)

A

THERMOPHILES

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37
Q

live in very hot temperatures, usually
around 100 degree Celsius

A

EXTREME THERMOPHILES

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38
Q

others thrive in acidic environments
with high concentrations of sulfur

A

others thrive in acidic environments
with high concentrations of sulfur

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39
Q

thermophilic
acidophilic
lives in coal deposits found
hundreds of feet below the
ground

A

THERMOPLASMA ACIDOPHILUM

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40
Q

most primitive and diverse among
unicellular eukaryotic organisms

A

KINGDOM PROTISTA

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41
Q

major groups within this kingdom
include algae, euglenoids, ciliates,
protozoans, and flagellates

A

KINGDOM PROTISTA

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42
Q

most protists are _____and are
_____

A

UNICELLULAR/ MULTICELLLAR

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43
Q

giant kelp (largest organism) is a
protist that can grow up to __
meters long

A

60

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44
Q

mostly found in _____,
freshwater habitats, _____, and
even in the body fluids of some
organisms

A

MARINE ECO SYSTEM/ DAMP SOIL

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45
Q

they have a wide array of
locomotory organs

A

KINGDOM PROTISTA

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46
Q

due to their immense diversity,
taxonomists sometimes categorized
them as

plantlike

animallike

fungus-like

A

KINGDOM PROTISTA

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47
Q

multicellular and are all autotrophic

A

KINGDOM PLANTAE

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48
Q

in kingdom plantae, cells are enclosed by _____ ___ _____

A

RIGID CELL WALLS

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49
Q

_____ are green pigments that
are involved in food production

A

CHLOROPHYLL

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50
Q

kingdom plantae believed to have been originated
from ancestors related to the group
of green algae called _____

A

CHAROPHYTES

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51
Q

kingdom plantae divided into __ general groups

_____
_____

A

NONVASCULAR/ VASCULAR

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52
Q

mostly low-growing

do not possess roots for
absorbing water from the ground

A

NONVASCULAR

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53
Q

bryophytes lack tracheid

liverworts, hornworts, and mosses
are common examples

they reproduce sexually &
asexually

A

NONVASCULAR

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54
Q

they have true vascular tissues
(phloem & xylem

A

VASCULAR

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55
Q

conducts manufactured
food to other parts of the plant
body

A

PHLOEM

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56
Q

absorbs water & minerals
from soil
made up of tracheid and
vessel elements

A

XYLEM

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57
Q

_____ develop as plant
embryo within a seed

A

SEED PLANTS

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58
Q

_____ have protective wall
of the mature ovary or fruit

A

ANGIOSPERMS

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59
Q

monocots ( _ cotyledon)
dicots (_cotyledons)

A

1
2

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60
Q

organisms whose ancestors existed on
Earth more than 900 mya based on fossil
records

A

KINGDOM FUNGI

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61
Q

shares common characteristics with
Kingdom Animalia

A

KINGDOM FUNGI

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62
Q

members include mushrooms, yeasts,
molds, mildews, rusts, bracket fungi, etc.

A

KINGDOM FUNGI

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63
Q

most are saprophytic, parasitic,
predatory, and symbiotic

A

KINGDOM FUNGI

64
Q

kingdom fungi cell walls contain _____, a polysaccharide
common to arthropods’ skeletons

A

CHITIN/ POLYSACHHARIDE

65
Q

in kingdom fungi, animals store food in the form
of _____, where plants in the form of
_____

A

GLYCOGEN/ STARTCH

66
Q

photosynthetic microorganisms like
_____and _____provide fungus
like lichens with organic compounds
during _____

A

ALGAE/ CYANOBACERIA/ PHOTOSYNTHESIS

67
Q

fungus provide _____, _____, and
protection to the _____
symbiont

A

NUTRIETNS/ MOISTURE/ PHOTOSYNTHETIC

68
Q

some fungi are used to produce _____
and _____

A

PENICILLIN/ ANTIBIOTIC

69
Q

fungi such as _____ act as agents for
fermentation and brewing

A

YEASTS

70
Q

_____are also used as model organisms
for studying problems in genetics and
molecular biology

A

FUNGI

71
Q

can fungi cause plant and
animal diseases

A

YES

72
Q

immune systems weakened by HIV may
lead to pneumonia that might be caused
by _____

A

PNEMOCYSTIS JIROVECII

73
Q

multicellular organisms without cell walls
or chlorophyll

A

KINGDOM ANIMALIA

74
Q

body parts organized into tissues with
specialized to some degree to perform
specific functions

A

KINGDOM ANIMALIA

75
Q

kingdom animalia level of consumers are subdivided into _____/ _____/ _____

A

HERBIVORES/ CARNIVORES/ OMNIVORES

76
Q

in kingdom animalia classified as either _____and
_____

A

VERTEBRATES/ INVERTEBRATES

77
Q

biggest kingdom in the living world

A

KINGDOM ANIMALIA

78
Q

estimated to have _million species
named and identified
estimated to have _ to _ million species
unknown

A

1/ 7/ 8

79
Q

ACELLULAR INFECTIOUS AGENTS

A

ACELLULAR INFECTIOUS AGENTS

80
Q

they need to infect living cells in order to reproduce

A

ACELLULAR INFECTIOUS AGENTS

81
Q

they cause harm or even kill their host cells

A

ACELLULAR INFECTIOUS AGENTS

82
Q

made up of nucleic acids like DNA and
RNA

A

VIRUSES

83
Q

viruses are enclosed within a protein coat (_____)

A

CAPSID

84
Q

a virus found outside a cell is called _____/
an inert particle that cannot move,
grow, replicate on its own

A

VIRION

85
Q

once they enter a living cell, they can
utilize the machinery of the cell to
reproduce and produce more viral
particles

A

VIRUSES

86
Q

viruses sizes range from _to _____ nm

A

50 TO 300

87
Q

appear as helical, icosahedral, and
complex in symmetry

A

VIRUSES

88
Q

most human diseases are caused by
_____

polio (_____)

smallpox (_____)

hepatitis (_____)

dengue (_____)

HIV infection

A

VIRUSES

POLIO VIRUSES
VARIOLA VIRUS
HEPATITIS VIRUSES
DENGUE VIRUS

89
Q

infectious RNA particles

A

VIRIODS

90
Q

smaller than viruses

not enclosed by a protein coat, unlike
viruses

A

VIRIODS

91
Q

can only reproduce inside a host cell

A

VIRIODS

92
Q

can infect and damage only plant tissues

A

VIRIODS

93
Q

they cause spindle tuber disease in
_____

A

POTATOES

94
Q

stunted growth in _____

A

CHRYSANTHEMUMS

95
Q

viriods have pale fruit disease in _____

A

CUCUMBERS

96
Q

_____-_____ disease in coconut trees
this disease almost wiped out the
Philippine coconut industry in the _____
century

A

CADANG CADANG
20th

97
Q

simplest form of acellular infectious
particles

A

PRIONS

98
Q

prions was discovered in _____by _____ _____

A

1982/ STANLEY PRUSINER

99
Q

main cause of several diseases in animals

_____ in cattle

_____ in sheep and goats

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

_____ in humans

A

MAD COW DISEASE
SCRAPIE DISEASES
KURU DISEASES

100
Q

refers to the number and variety of life-
forms present in a biological community

A

SPECIES DIVERSITY

101
Q

refers to the number and variety of life-
forms present in a biological community

A
102
Q

_____ - number of
different kinds of species in a
particular area

A

SPECIES RICHNESS

103
Q

_____- abundance
of individual members within a
particular species

A

SPECIES EVENNESS

104
Q

high SR because of different
species of insects, birds,
mammals, and trees

low SE because of low number of
individual orangutans due to a
threat to their survival

A

TROPICAL RAINFOREST

105
Q

low SR due to limited variety of
species such as scorpions,
chameleons, and rattlesnakes

high SE since there are a lot of
these individual species in the
area

A

DESERT

106
Q

_____ is the sum total of the
way of life of a species, including its
survival, feeding, and reproductive
abilities

A

ECOLOGICAL NICHE

107
Q

can live in a variety of environments
eat many different kinds of food
can tolerate a wide range of
environmental conditions
can produce many offspring
cockroaches, rats, humans

A

GENERALITIES SPECIES

108
Q

live in a narrow niche
live in one habitat
eat a specific food
sensitive to environmental changes
usually produce few offspring
pandas, flamingoes, rhinoceroses

A

SPECIALISTS SPECIES

109
Q

organisms that have naturally
occurred in a particular area

throughout history without being
introduced to humans
endemic and indigenous

A

NATIVE SPECIES

110
Q

endemic species can only be found in
one place and nowhere else

tamaraw, tarsier, Philippine
bamboo bat

indigenous species have a wider
range and may naturally occur in
several regions at the same time

A

NATIVE SPECIES

111
Q

species that either migrate
accidentally
they may be introduced as pets,
food, ornaments, or carried in
cargoes
some can become naturalized
some can be threats to their new
environment

A

NON-NATIVE SPECIES

112
Q

_____
introduced in the Philippines as an
additional source of income for
farmers
has become one of the perennial
pests in rice paddies

A

GOLDEN APPLE SNAIL

113
Q

_____
introduced to the Philippines from
_____
they compete with native fish for
food, causing the decline of
native species

A

TILAPIA/ AFRICA

114
Q

species that act as biological smoke
alarms because they give out warning
signals to other species about
damage to an ecosystem
birds and frogs

A

INDICATOR SPECIES

115
Q

exist only in limited numbers
they perform roles such as
controlling the population of other
species by eating sick and old
members
sharks and alligators

A

KEYSTON SPECIES

116
Q

organisms that help create and
reshape habitats and ecosystems
beavers

A

FOUNDATION SPECIES

117
Q

most biodiverse area on Earth
it is also where biodiversity is most at
risk
approximately 80% of endangered
species are found here

A

ASIA PACIFIC REGION

118
Q

countries here have lost 70 - 90
percent of their original wildlife
habitat
plant species are dying before test
for potential cures for deadly
diseases

A

ASIA PACIFIC REGION

119
Q

The science of naming, describing, and
classifying organisms into groups based on
shared characteristics.

A

TAXONOMY

120
Q

The arrangement of organisms into orderly
groups based on their similarities and
relationships.

A

CLASSIFICATION

121
Q

The arrangement of taxonomic ranks in
order, from broadest to most specific

Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order →
Family → Genus → Species

A

HIERARCHY

122
Q

A method of classification based on the
evolutionary relationships and common
ancestry of organisms

A

CLADISTICS

123
Q

A group or category in the taxonomic
hierarchy, such as species, genus, or
family.

A

TAXON

124
Q

A system of naming organisms
following specific rules and
conventions.

A

NOMENCLATURE

125
Q

The study of biological diversity and the
relationships among organisms,
encompassing taxonomy and
phylogeny.

A

SYSTEMATICS

126
Q

The variety of life forms within a given
ecosystem, biome, or the entire Earth.

A

BIODIVERSITY

127
Q

A domain of single-celled
microorganisms distinct from bacteria,
often found in extreme environments.

A

ARCHAEBACTERIA

128
Q

An ancestral trait shared by two
or more taxa.

A

SYMPLESIOMORPHY

129
Q

The process through which new species
arise.

A

SPECIATION

130
Q

An organism resulting from the
crossbreeding of two different species or
taxa.

A

HYBRID

131
Q

The branch of science that studies the
geographic distribution of animal species.

A

ZOOGEOGRAPHY

132
Q

The plants of a particular region, habitat, or
geological period.

A

FLORA

133
Q

The animals of a particular region, habitat,
or geological period.

A

FAUNA

134
Q

An evolution process by which unrelated
organisms evolve similar traits due to
similar environmental pressures.

A

CONVERGENT

135
Q

An evolution process by which two or more
related species become more dissimilar over
time.

A

DIVERGENT

136
Q

The observable characteristics or traits of an
organism, such as morphology, behavior,
and physiology.

A

PHENOTYPE

137
Q

The genetic constitution of an organism that
determines its characteristics.

A

GENOTYPE

138
Q

Refers to a clade that includes all
descendants of a common ancestor.

A

HOLOPHYLETIC

139
Q

A population of a species that is adapted to a
specific ecological environment.

A

ECOTYPE

140
Q

A group of organisms used as a reference
point in cladistic analysis to determine
evolutionary relationships.

A

OUTGROUP

141
Q

The group of organisms being studied in a
phylogenetic analysis.

A

INGROUP

142
Q

The condition where two or more scientific
names refer to the same taxon.

A

SYNONYM

143
Q

The study of evolutionary relationships
using genomic data.

A

PHYLOGENOMIC

144
Q

The evolutionary change within a single
lineage over time.

A

ANAGENESIS

145
Q

The evolutionary splitting of a lineage into
two or more distinct lineages.

A

CLADOGENESIS

146
Q

A unique derived trait specific to a single
taxon

A

AUTAPOMORPHY

147
Q

A branching diagram showing similarity in
observable traits among organisms,
regardless of evolutionary relationships.

A

PHENOGRAM

148
Q

The mutual adaptation of two or more
species or traits that interact closely.

A

COADAPTATION

149
Q

A trait that has evolved independently in
different species due to similar environmental
pressures, not shared ancestry.

A

HOMOPLASY

150
Q

Diseases that can be transmitted from
animals to humans, highlighting
interspecies relationships.

A

ZOONOSIS

151
Q

The study of the distribution of species and
ecosystems in geographic space and through
geological time.

A

BIOGEOGRAPHY

152
Q

The classification of organisms into broad
taxonomic categories like kingdoms or
phyla.

A

MACROTAXONOMY

153
Q

The classification of organisms at finer levels,
such as species and subspecies.

A

MICROTAXONOMY

154
Q

The practice of a scientist revising or
redefining the taxonomy of a group of
organisms, often those they initially studied

A

AUTOTAXONOMY

155
Q

The loss of one species leading to the
extinction of another, often due to close
ecological interactions.

A

COEXTINCTION

156
Q

A relationship where one organism lives
inside another, leading to evolutionary
developments.

A

ENDOSYMBIOSIS

157
Q

A scientific name in which the genus and
species names are identical (e.g., Bison bison).

A

TAUTONYM

158
Q

A species with a global distribution across
many geographic areas.

A

COSMOPOLITAN