EARTHQUAKE AND FAULTS

Question 1

It refers to slow type of fault movement.

Answer 1

CREEP

Question 2

The branch of science concerned with earthquakes and related phenomena.

Answer 2

SEISMOLOGY

Question 3

It refers to the block that sits on the fault plane.

Answer 3

HANGING WALL

Question 4

It refers to the fault plane that is exposed above the ground.

Answer 4

FAULT SCARP

Question 5

Polished and striated surfaces on fault planes caused by the movement of rocks against each other.

Answer 5

SLICKENLINES

Question 6

A region where the Earth’s lithosphere is being stretched, leading to the formation of normal faults and often the development of rift valleys.

Answer 6

RIFT ZONE

Question 7

The process by which one tectonic plate is pushed over another during a collision, leading to the formation f large thrust faults and the emplacement of ophiolite complexes onto continental crust

Answer 7

OBDUCTION

Question 8

A specific type of strike-slip fault that occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates.

Answer 8

TRANSFORM FAULT

Question 9

A zone between two segments of a strike-slip fault where the fault traces do not directly align, creating an offset in the fault system.

Answer 9

STEPOVER

Question 10

The study of how materials deform under applied forces, often used to describe the behavior of rocks during faulting.

Answer 10

RHEOLOGY

Question 11

The point in the rock’s zone of weakness, where the breaking of the rocks first starts, and seismic energy is released.

Answer 11

HYPOCENTER

Question 12

The waves/impacts made by a stone in its entry point on the surface of water.

Answer 12

RIPPLES

Question 13

A mass of snow, rock, ice, and soil that tumbles down a mountain, usually because of earthquake.

Answer 13

AVALANCHE

Question 14

The term for the process of breaking larger rocks into smaller pieces due to stress from an earthquake.

Answer 14

FRAGMENTATION

Question 15

The height of the wave of the seismogram.

Answer 15

AMPLITUDE

Question 16

It describes how the random lines generated by the seismogram looks like.

Answer 16

WIGGLY

Question 17

One of the pioneers of Moment Magnitude Scale, a scale that is more accurate on a large-scale earthquake.

Answer 17

HIROO KANAMORI

Question 18

Smaller earthquakes that occur before a larger main earthquake.

Answer 18

FORESHOCKS

Question 19

The frequency and distribution of earthquakes in a particular region over a specific time period.

Answer 19

SEISMICITY

Question 20

An area where one tectonic plate is being pushed beneath another into the Earth’s mantle, often associated with powerful megathrust earthquakes.

Answer 20

SUBDUCTION ZONE

Question 21

A vibration or disturbance that travels from one point to another and carries energy.

Answer 21

WAVE PROPAGATION

Question 22

They rise and fall perpendicular to the direction traveled by the waves.

Answer 22

TRANSVERSE WAVES

Question 23

They compress and expand like a spring in the direction of wave’s pathway.

Answer 23

LONGTITUDAL WAVES

Question 24

The bending of waves as they pass through materials with varying densities, particularly in the Earth’s interior.

Answer 24

SEISMIC REFRACTION

Question 25

The graphical representation of the motion of the ground as recorded by seismometers during an earthquake.

Answer 25

SEISMIC WAVEFORM

Question 26

The process where saturated soil temporarily loses its strength during an earthquake.

Answer 26

LIQUEFACTION

Question 27

Deformation of rocks due to stress, leading to earthquakes.

Answer 27

STRAIN

Question 28

The breaking of the Earth’s surface along a fault during an earthquake.

Answer 28

SURFACE RUPTURE

Question 29

The rigid, outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite.

Answer 29

LITHOSPHERE

Question 30

The deepness within the Earth where an earthquake’s energy is released, measured from the Earth’s surface to the earthquake’s origin.

Answer 30

FOCAL DEPTH