Quiz 2 Flashcards
The surgical / anesthesia owner consent form for a patient should include…
signalment
procedure
owner contact information
Packed Cell Volume is the Percentage of whole blood made up of red blood cells. Which of the following are normal for the dog and cat respectively?
Dogs 36% - 54%, Cats 25% - 46%
Hypoglycemia is a concern in anesthetic patients and especially in neonates and pediatrics. Which of the following lab results is indicative of hypoglycemia?
blood glucose of 55 mg/dl
Using multiple anesthetic agents in smaller dosages to maximize positive effects and to minimize negative effects. This is a definition for…
a. Balanced Anesthesia
Using multiple drugs to target multiple Nociceptive pathways is known as…
a. Multimodal Analgesia
These Analgesics work in the peripheral and central nervous system. Members of this group can be agonists, partial agonists and agonist-antagonists. What is this group of drugs?
Opioids
These Analgesics are effective in reducing inflammation and work well given as pre-anesthetic agents. They may decrease platelet function and can harm the production of cartilage. What is this group of drugs?
NSAID’s
These Analgesics inhibit the release of norepinephrine and therefore inhibit nerve impulse transmission. They also cause sedation and muscle relaxation. Dexmedetomidine, is a member of this group. Some of the side effects include hypertension and bradycardia.
What is this group of drugs?
Alpha-2 agonists
These Analgesics are a good alternative to general anesthesia and “numb” an area after injection. If toxicity occurs it is usually due to an overdose of the analgesic. What is this group of drugs?
Local Anesthetics
Sedatives and tranquilizers are helpful in reducing stress, fear and anxiety of a patient. Analgesic medications have better effects when patients receive these drugs. Which of the following pairs of drugs are considered sedatives and /or tranquilizers?
Acepromazine and Midazolam
What do you do to confirm proper endotracheal tube placement in an anesthetic patient?
- Feeling air movement from the distal end of the endotracheal tube.
- Fogging of the tube (assuming it is a clear tube) from moist exhaled air.
- Palpating only one firm central structure in the neck (trachea).
The anatomic opening through which an endotracheal tube is passed is the…
Glottis
Povidone Iodine has which of the following characteristics?
- It can be used as a solution for ophthalmic surgery
- It is deactivated by organic debris.
- It can bind to keratin on the skin and have residual activity lasting for up to 2 days.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate has which of the following characteristics?
It is toxic to the eye and can damage the cornea
When are the anesthetic patients most unstable?
Induction and Recovery
This stage of anesthesia is an excitatory stage where the patient struggles. It is best to have a quick transition through this stage with the use of sedating pre-medications and intravenous induction agents. What is this stage of anesthesia when the patient “fights” anesthesia?
Stage 2
Endotracheal Intubation of the anesthetic patients occurs during which stage of anesthesia?
Stage III-Light Anesthesia
What is true for laryngospasm in the anesthesia patient?
- Can occur more commonly in cats than in dogs.
- Can be elicited by endotracheal tube stimulation
- Can be treated or subdued with topical lidocaine (local anesthetic)
Which of the following clinical signs, when monitoring an adult medium sized canine anesthetic patient, informs the anesthetist that the patient is at an appropriate surgical level of anesthesia?
ventrodorsal rotation of the globe (eye), absent palpebral reflex, 10 breaths/minute, 120 heart beats/minute, very slight jaw tone.
During the recovery period which of the following should occur?
- The patient is extubated when the swallowing reflex returns.
- The patient should receive 100% oxygen with no anesthetic agent until extubated.
- The patient should be stimulated and turned to avoid hypostatic congestion (blood settling to one side of the lungs).
Which species is (respiratory) sinus arrythmia NOT considered a normal finding?
Cats
What is Second degree AV heart block?
When occasionally there is a P wave without a corresponding QRS – T segment
Which ECG lead is to be placed on the right front leg?
White
What should the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) be in the anesthetized dog or cat?
70-90 mmHg
When evaluating Mucous Membrane Color, cyanosis is seen as what color?
purple/blue
What is true for normal SpO2 of an anesthetized patient on 100% oxygen?
- should be 95% or above
- can be determined by a pulse oximeter
- can be determined by a blood gas analysis
Which two monitoring parameters can be determined by the use of equipment designed to use in the esophagus.
temperature and heart rate
Normal ETCO2 is…
35mmHg - 45mmHg
In which of the following clinical situations would an anesthesia patient need mechanical ventilation?
- The patient is obese.
- The patient is undergoing thoracic surgery.
- The patient received a neuromuscular blocking agent.
what is a normal total plasma protein level?
Dogs 5.5g/dl - 7.5g/dl, Cats 6.5g/dl - 8.2g/dl
