Quiz 2

Question 1

The surgical / anesthesia owner consent form for a patient should include…

Answer 1

signalment
procedure
owner contact information

Question 2

Packed Cell Volume is the Percentage of whole blood made up of red blood cells. Which of the following are normal for the dog and cat respectively?

Answer 2

Dogs 36% - 54%, Cats 25% - 46%

Question 3

Hypoglycemia is a concern in anesthetic patients and especially in neonates and pediatrics. Which of the following lab results is indicative of hypoglycemia?

Answer 3

blood glucose of 55 mg/dl

Question 4

Using multiple anesthetic agents in smaller dosages to maximize positive effects and to minimize negative effects. This is a definition for…

Answer 4

a. Balanced Anesthesia

Question 5

Using multiple drugs to target multiple Nociceptive pathways is known as…

Answer 5

a. Multimodal Analgesia

Question 6

These Analgesics work in the peripheral and central nervous system. Members of this group can be agonists, partial agonists and agonist-antagonists. What is this group of drugs?

Answer 6

Opioids

Question 7

These Analgesics are effective in reducing inflammation and work well given as pre-anesthetic agents. They may decrease platelet function and can harm the production of cartilage. What is this group of drugs?

Answer 7

NSAID’s

Question 8

These Analgesics inhibit the release of norepinephrine and therefore inhibit nerve impulse transmission. They also cause sedation and muscle relaxation. Dexmedetomidine, is a member of this group. Some of the side effects include hypertension and bradycardia.
What is this group of drugs?

Answer 8

Alpha-2 agonists

Question 9

These Analgesics are a good alternative to general anesthesia and “numb” an area after injection. If toxicity occurs it is usually due to an overdose of the analgesic. What is this group of drugs?

Answer 9

Local Anesthetics

Question 10

Sedatives and tranquilizers are helpful in reducing stress, fear and anxiety of a patient. Analgesic medications have better effects when patients receive these drugs. Which of the following pairs of drugs are considered sedatives and /or tranquilizers?

Answer 10

Acepromazine and Midazolam

Question 11

What do you do to confirm proper endotracheal tube placement in an anesthetic patient?

Answer 11

• Feeling air movement from the distal end of the endotracheal tube.
• Fogging of the tube (assuming it is a clear tube) from moist exhaled air.
• Palpating only one firm central structure in the neck (trachea).

Question 12

The anatomic opening through which an endotracheal tube is passed is the…

Answer 12

Glottis

Question 13

Povidone Iodine has which of the following characteristics?

Answer 13

• It can be used as a solution for ophthalmic surgery
• It is deactivated by organic debris.
• It can bind to keratin on the skin and have residual activity lasting for up to 2 days.

Question 14

Chlorhexidine Gluconate has which of the following characteristics?

Answer 14

It is toxic to the eye and can damage the cornea

Question 15

When are the anesthetic patients most unstable?

Answer 15

Induction and Recovery

Question 16

This stage of anesthesia is an excitatory stage where the patient struggles. It is best to have a quick transition through this stage with the use of sedating pre-medications and intravenous induction agents. What is this stage of anesthesia when the patient “fights” anesthesia?

Answer 16

Stage 2

Question 17

Endotracheal Intubation of the anesthetic patients occurs during which stage of anesthesia?

Answer 17

Stage III-Light Anesthesia

Question 18

What is true for laryngospasm in the anesthesia patient?

Answer 18

• Can occur more commonly in cats than in dogs.
• Can be elicited by endotracheal tube stimulation
• Can be treated or subdued with topical lidocaine (local anesthetic)

Question 19

Which of the following clinical signs, when monitoring an adult medium sized canine anesthetic patient, informs the anesthetist that the patient is at an appropriate surgical level of anesthesia?

Answer 19

ventrodorsal rotation of the globe (eye), absent palpebral reflex, 10 breaths/minute, 120 heart beats/minute, very slight jaw tone.

Question 20

During the recovery period which of the following should occur?

Answer 20

• The patient is extubated when the swallowing reflex returns.
• The patient should receive 100% oxygen with no anesthetic agent until extubated.
• The patient should be stimulated and turned to avoid hypostatic congestion (blood settling to one side of the lungs).

Question 21

Which species is (respiratory) sinus arrythmia NOT considered a normal finding?

Answer 21

Cats

Question 22

What is Second degree AV heart block?

Answer 22

When occasionally there is a P wave without a corresponding QRS – T segment

Question 23

Which ECG lead is to be placed on the right front leg?

Answer 23

White

Question 24

What should the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) be in the anesthetized dog or cat?

Answer 24

70-90 mmHg

Question 25

When evaluating Mucous Membrane Color, cyanosis is seen as what color?

Answer 25

purple/blue

Question 26

What is true for normal SpO2 of an anesthetized patient on 100% oxygen?

Answer 26

• should be 95% or above
• can be determined by a pulse oximeter
• can be determined by a blood gas analysis

Question 27

Which two monitoring parameters can be determined by the use of equipment designed to use in the esophagus.

Answer 27

temperature and heart rate

Question 28

Normal ETCO2 is…

Answer 28

35mmHg - 45mmHg

Question 29

In which of the following clinical situations would an anesthesia patient need mechanical ventilation?

Answer 29

• The patient is obese.
• The patient is undergoing thoracic surgery.
• The patient received a neuromuscular blocking agent.

Question 30

what is a normal total plasma protein level?

Answer 30

Dogs 5.5g/dl - 7.5g/dl, Cats 6.5g/dl - 8.2g/dl