Homework 5 Flashcards
What is the term for using a combination of several anesthetic agents in smaller dosages to maximize positive patient effects and minimize negatives effects?
Balanced Anesthesia
What has activity at all four phases for pain prevention?
Opioids
What has activity at three phases for pain prevention?
Local anesthetics
What is the term for anticipation of pain and its treatment in advance (before a painful stimulus)?
Preemptive Analgesia
NSAIDs have their effect on inflammation and pain by…
Inhibiting the activity of COX-1 and/or COX-2 enzymes
Which of the following statements is / are true for local anesthetics
- When used as a nerve block Lidocaine has an onset of action in 5-10 minutes.
- When used as a nerve block Bupivacaine has a duration of up to 6 hours.
- Local anesthetics block sodium channels in the neuron cell membrane.
Which of the following is / are true for the use of antibiotics for the surgical patient?
Prophylactic antibiotics are indicated with an orthopedic procedure involving the placement of implants.
Most Preanesthetic Medications…
- provide a level of sedation or tranquilization
- decrease the amount of general anesthetic required
- ease the process of induction and recovery
A Reversal Agent works as…
an Antagonist
A drug that binds to a receptor but does not completely stimulate a response is…
a Partial Agonist
A drug that binds to more than one type of receptor and causes one receptor to be stimulated and another receptor to be blocked is…
an Agonist -Antagonist
A drug that binds to a receptor and has a complete stimulating effect is…
a (pure) Agonist
When administering an anticholinergic / parasympatholytic, what type(s) of additional care should be provided to an anesthetic patient?
Artificial Tears need to be administered
Which of the following is / are a reason to use anticholinergics / parasympatholytics?
Prevent bradycardia
What drug has the most potential for abuse and physical or psychological dependence?
Fentanyl Citrate
These noncontrolled, reversible drugs offer excellent muscle relaxation, sedation and analgesia.
Alpha-2-Agonists
These drugs cause a decrease in the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.
Alpha-2- Agonists
Dexmedetomidine is the most commonly used member of this group of drugs in dogs and cats. It is reversed by Atipamezole.
Alpha-2- Agonists
These noncontrolled drugs when administered can cause vomiting and have an early dose-dependent vasoconstriction resulting in hypertension and reflex bradycardia.
Alpha-2-Agonists
These controlled drugs, that are reversed by flumazenil, are light sensitive and need to be stored in blown glass vials.
Benzodiazepines
Paradoxical effects like disorientation in dogs and aggression in cats can occur with this group of controlled drugs and is recommended to be used in combination therapy with other preanesthetic agents.
Benzodiazepines
This group of controlled substances which includes diazepam and midazolam offer excellent skeletal muscle relaxation and anticonvulsant activity.
Benzodiazepines
These controlled drugs do not provide analgesia and are thought to increase the activity of GABA (an inhibitory neurotransmitter) to provide antianxiety and calming effects.
Benzodiazepines
This group of controlled drugs have multiple receptors throughout the body and nervous system. The Mu and Kappa receptors are among them.
Opioids
Combining sedatives or tranquilizers with this group produces Neuroleptanalgesia.
Opioids
These controlled drugs that offer significant analgesia and also can have the side effects of constipation, increased sensitivity to noise and panting in dogs.
Opioids
These drugs usually have a duration of 3 hours or less with the exception of buprenorphine.
Opioids
These noncontrolled water soluble drugs offer sedation / tranquilization but no analgesia
Phenothiazines
Acepromazine is a member of this group of drugs and can help prevent vomiting
Phenothiazines
This group of drugs has antiarrhythmic and antihistamine effects but can cause tachycardia due to vasodilation induced hypotension.
Phenothiazines
