Homework 11 Flashcards by Danielle Stone

Which of the following can be an indication(s) for OHE?

Prevention to reproduce
Dystocia
Pyometra

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In order to decrease the incidence of mammary tumors in the dog when is it recommended to have the dog spayed?

Before the first heat

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What is the surgical clip recommended for an OHE?

Xiphoid to pubis, laterally to edge of ribs

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What is the placement of the patient on the surgery prep table?

Dorsal recumbency

Lateral (Left) recumbency if pregant

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Which of the following is / are TRUE?

the ovarian pedicle can be clamped using a three clamp technique

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What method should be used to close the linea alba ?

An absorbable suture in a simple interrupted pattern

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What is a medical concern regarding spaying a large breed dog before 18 months of age?

There is an increased risk for the development of hip and elbow dysplasia

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Which of the following can be an indication(s) for a C-Section

oxytocin deficiency
hypocalcemia
fetal death

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Dystocia is an indication for a C-Section. Which of the following breeds may be predisposed to dystocia?

bull dogs and pugs

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Which of the following are reasons to NOT to promote uterine contraction with a dystocia patient?

physical obstruction of the uterus
inappropriate fetal positioning
oversize fetus

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When exteriorizing the uterus in performing a C-Section moist sterile towel are used to support the uterus. With what are the towel moistened?

0.9% Saline

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If opioids were used for analgesia for the C-Section Patient what therapy would be needed to counteract the opioid effect of the neonate?

Naloxone

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If the neonate has no heart beat and compressions were unsuccessful, what drug should be administered under the tongue?

epinephrine

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What is / are some step(s) performed in order to allow for proper nursing of the neonates?

clean mammary glands
allow mother to be fully recovered before introducing young to her
use subcuticular skin closure suture pattern

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Which of the following is / are causes for Pyometra?

repeated heats without a pregnancy
long term estrogen therapy to prevent pregnancy
ascending bacteria from urogenital tract

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Which of the following are clinical signs of pyometra?

polydipsia and polyuria

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What is meant by an open pyometra?

The cervix is “open” which allows for purulent material to exit the uterus

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What is the recurrence of pyometra after successful medical management?

77%

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Which of the following medications are used in the medical treatment of a pyometra?

Prostaglandins and Antibiotics

Specific antibiotic therapy is indicated, based on…

Culture and sensitivity of exudate

What is a “stump pyometra”?

Infected remnant uterine tissue left from an OHE.

Which of the following can be an indication(s) for Neutering (Castration)

Prevention to reproduce
Territorial Marking
Testicular Trauma

Cryptorchidism is a condition where…

one or both testicles have not descended into the scrotum

In a dog castration, which of the following is part of the surgical prep?

Scrubbing the pre-scrotal area in a target pattern

What are some of the disadvantages of chemical sterilization of a dog?

May not decrease the incidence of prostate disease compared to surgery Testosterone may still be produced leading to some unwanted behaviors Side effects can include vomiting, lethargy

In a cat castration, which of the following is TRUE?

The incision is in the scrotum over the location of the testicle

What is TRUE for an intra-abdominal approach to neutering in the dog?

The surgical incision must continue passing by the lateral aspect of the penis

Scrotal bleeding can occur with canine and feline castration. Which of the following postoperative treatments is beneficial to establish hemostasis?

Cryotherapy

Which of the following dog breeds are predisposed to struvite crystals?

Cocker spaniel

Which of the following instruments may be needed for a cystotomy?

Bladder Spoon and Balfour Abdominal Retractor

Struvite uroliths…

are best managed at a urine pH of < 6.5 prevented with a specialize diet can be exacerbated by bladder infections

Which of the following is TRUE for Urolith Cystotomy?

Urethral catheterization should occur and any stones in the urethra should be flushed into the bladder

Which of the following bladder stones (uroliths) are common in both the dog and cat?

Struvite

Which of the following medications may be contraindicated in a cat with urolithiasis?

Meloxicam

Which of the following are signs of Urethral Obstruction?

Large tugid bladder Dysuria Stranguria

Which of the following is / are predisposing factors for urethral obstruction for a cat?

male dry diet increased weight

Why is 0.9% NaCl is a fluid of choice for administering to urethral obstructed cats?

These patients are hyperkalemic and it does not contain potassium

In addition to anesthetics and analgesics, which of the following are recommended as smooth muscle relaxants (anti-spasmotics) in urethral obstructed cats?

phenoxybenzamine

Lidocaine gel can be used as a lubricant for urinary catheter placement. The reason for the lidocaine would be to…

decrease sensitivity of the urethra

Which of the following would be the drug of choice for pain management of urethral obstructed cats?

Buprenorphine

How long of an obstruction is necessary in order to have significant effects on the heart, kidney, fluid and electrolyte balance?

12-24 hours

In the cat, perineal urethrostomy procedure includes…

placing the patient in ventral recumbency extending the tail over the dorsal midline perineum elevated 30 degrees

The diameter of the pelvic urethra is how many time larger than the penile urethra in the cat?

2 times

Patients should be placed in IV fluids for at least 24 hours post surgery in order to…

assure any previous obstructive crystals or stones are flushed from the bladder maintain normal kidney function remove any blood clots that may have formed

What is the most common late post-operative complication?

Urethral stricture