Homework 11 Flashcards
Which of the following can be an indication(s) for OHE?
Prevention to reproduce
Dystocia
Pyometra
In order to decrease the incidence of mammary tumors in the dog when is it recommended to have the dog spayed?
Before the first heat
What is the surgical clip recommended for an OHE?
Xiphoid to pubis, laterally to edge of ribs
What is the placement of the patient on the surgery prep table?
Dorsal recumbency
Lateral (Left) recumbency if pregant
Which of the following is / are TRUE?
the ovarian pedicle can be clamped using a three clamp technique
What method should be used to close the linea alba ?
An absorbable suture in a simple interrupted pattern
What is a medical concern regarding spaying a large breed dog before 18 months of age?
There is an increased risk for the development of hip and elbow dysplasia
Which of the following can be an indication(s) for a C-Section
oxytocin deficiency
hypocalcemia
fetal death
Dystocia is an indication for a C-Section. Which of the following breeds may be predisposed to dystocia?
bull dogs and pugs
Which of the following are reasons to NOT to promote uterine contraction with a dystocia patient?
physical obstruction of the uterus
inappropriate fetal positioning
oversize fetus
When exteriorizing the uterus in performing a C-Section moist sterile towel are used to support the uterus. With what are the towel moistened?
0.9% Saline
If opioids were used for analgesia for the C-Section Patient what therapy would be needed to counteract the opioid effect of the neonate?
Naloxone
If the neonate has no heart beat and compressions were unsuccessful, what drug should be administered under the tongue?
epinephrine
What is / are some step(s) performed in order to allow for proper nursing of the neonates?
clean mammary glands
allow mother to be fully recovered before introducing young to her
use subcuticular skin closure suture pattern
Which of the following is / are causes for Pyometra?
repeated heats without a pregnancy
long term estrogen therapy to prevent pregnancy
ascending bacteria from urogenital tract
Which of the following are clinical signs of pyometra?
polydipsia and polyuria
What is meant by an open pyometra?
The cervix is “open” which allows for purulent material to exit the uterus
What is the recurrence of pyometra after successful medical management?
77%
Which of the following medications are used in the medical treatment of a pyometra?
Prostaglandins and Antibiotics
Specific antibiotic therapy is indicated, based on…
Culture and sensitivity of exudate
What is a “stump pyometra”?
Infected remnant uterine tissue left from an OHE.
Which of the following can be an indication(s) for Neutering (Castration)
Prevention to reproduce
Territorial Marking
Testicular Trauma
Cryptorchidism is a condition where…
one or both testicles have not descended into the scrotum
In a dog castration, which of the following is part of the surgical prep?
Scrubbing the pre-scrotal area in a target pattern
What are some of the disadvantages of chemical sterilization of a dog?
May not decrease the incidence of prostate disease compared to surgery
Testosterone may still be produced leading to some unwanted behaviors
Side effects can include vomiting, lethargy
In a cat castration, which of the following is TRUE?
The incision is in the scrotum over the location of the testicle
What is TRUE for an intra-abdominal approach to neutering in the dog?
The surgical incision must continue passing by the lateral aspect of the penis
Scrotal bleeding can occur with canine and feline castration. Which of the following postoperative treatments is beneficial to establish hemostasis?
Cryotherapy
Which of the following dog breeds are predisposed to struvite crystals?
Cocker spaniel
Which of the following instruments may be needed for a cystotomy?
Bladder Spoon and Balfour Abdominal Retractor
Struvite uroliths…
are best managed at a urine pH of < 6.5
prevented with a specialize diet
can be exacerbated by bladder infections
Which of the following is TRUE for Urolith Cystotomy?
Urethral catheterization should occur and any stones in the urethra should be flushed into the bladder
Which of the following bladder stones (uroliths) are common in both the dog and cat?
Struvite
Which of the following medications may be contraindicated in a cat with urolithiasis?
Meloxicam
Which of the following are signs of Urethral Obstruction?
Large tugid bladder
Dysuria
Stranguria
Which of the following is / are predisposing factors for urethral obstruction for a cat?
male
dry diet
increased weight
Why is 0.9% NaCl is a fluid of choice for administering to urethral obstructed cats?
These patients are hyperkalemic and it does not contain potassium
In addition to anesthetics and analgesics, which of the following are recommended as smooth muscle relaxants (anti-spasmotics) in urethral obstructed cats?
phenoxybenzamine
Lidocaine gel can be used as a lubricant for urinary catheter placement. The reason for the lidocaine would be to…
decrease sensitivity of the urethra
Which of the following would be the drug of choice for pain management of urethral
obstructed cats?
Buprenorphine
How long of an obstruction is necessary in order to have significant effects on the heart, kidney, fluid and electrolyte balance?
12-24 hours
In the cat, perineal urethrostomy procedure includes…
placing the patient in ventral recumbency
extending the tail over the dorsal midline
perineum elevated 30 degrees
The diameter of the pelvic urethra is how many time larger than the penile urethra in the cat?
2 times
Patients should be placed in IV fluids for at least 24 hours post surgery in order to…
assure any previous obstructive crystals or stones are flushed from the bladder
maintain normal kidney function
remove any blood clots that may have formed
What is the most common late post-operative complication?
Urethral stricture
