Questions from obejctives Flashcards
Four behavioral methods for increasing adhereance
- ) provide reminders
- ) tailor regimen
- ) contingency contract
- ) use transtheoretical model
How are educational interventions for adhereance
not good, they may raise knowledge but don’t really invoke behavior change
Factors that predict adherence
Severity of disease
Treatment characteristics: side effects and treatment complexity
Personal characteristics: age, gender, personal beliefs
Cultural norms
Health care provider and patient relationship
Ways to increase adherence
Education
May increase knowledge but little effect on behavior change
Behavioral methods
Provide prompts and reminders
Electronic technology
Tailor the regimen
Assess patient’s stage of change using transtheoretical model and motivational interviewing
Graduated regimen implementation (i.e., shaping behavior via successive approximations to desired behavior)
Contingency contract
Describe the factors that influence the recognition, interpretation, and response
to symptoms.
Individual differences Cultural differences Attentional differences Situational factors Stress Mood
Describe the factors interpretation of symptoms
Visibility of symptoms
Perceived severity
Interference with life
Frequency and persistence
What is the conceptualization of disease
NOT SURE!!!!
Faulty communication – providers
Not listening Using jargon Baby talk Non-person centered treatment (treating disease) Stereotypes of patients
Faulty communication – patients
Patient characteristics
Patient knowledge
Patient attitudes toward symptoms
Interactive aspects of the communication problem
Discuss the importance of asking questions during medical appointments and
how health practitioners can be effective agents of behavior change.
Asking/being open to questions improves communication and patient satisfaction
Health practitioner
Highly credible source of knowledge
Simple and tailored health messages
Highlighting advantages/disadvantages adherence and nonadherence
Private, face-to-face interactions
Communicate with warmth and caring
Enlist cooperation of other family members
Discuss the nature of gender differences in risk factors for CVD and possible
reasons for gender differences in CVD prevalence and treatment.
ITS GET SO MUCH WORSE FOR WOMEN AFTER MENOPAUSE. THINK AND WRITE ABOUT HWY
Define cancer, the four major types of cancer, and how cancers develop and
progress.
carcinoma_epithelia
sarcoma _connective
lymphoma
lukemia
Describe the inherent, environmental, and behavioral risk factors that influence
the initiation and course of cancer.
Write these out as well. (asbestos, smokind drinking, sedentary lifestyle high fat diet)
Define cancer health disparities and discuss the factors that may contribute to
these disparities.
people with lower SES have worse outcomes
Probably because they do not have access to health care which leads to late stage discoveries
Know the racial/ethnic groups at greatest risk for different types of cancers discussed in class and potential reasons for disparities.
LOWER SES PEOPLE DONT DO AS WELL
Know the primary population demographics that are served by the CHW
Pediatric Pain clinic (race, gender, age group) and the statistic of the number of
children who experience chronic head ache pain (see slide)
70% women
41% 8-12
54% 13-17
Most have pain in kneck abdomen or lower extremity
Define pain (2 definitions presented), and be able to describe the difference between acute and chronic pain.
A complex response to tissue damage or the threat of tissue that is related to sensory and cognitive-affective factors
Pain is whatever the person says it is
Describe the gate control theory and how it relates to chronic pain, and state factors that contribute to opening/closing of the gates
Gate control theory of pain
CNS
Spinal cord
Gates open or close
Brain
Brain stem can inhibit messages by production of endorphins
Chronic pain goes through the hypothalamus and limbic system
Brain systems attach to cognitive and affective meaning to them
PNS
Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
A-delta fibers (fast) – acute
G-delta fibers (slow) – chronic pain
Factors that open the chronic pain gates
Injury Muscle tension Stress Cognitive factors Emotional factors Not exercising/overdoing it
Stress
Imbalance between the perceived demands from the environment and the individuals perceived resources to meet those demands Muscle spasms Restlessness Headache Chest tightness
Discuss the therapeutic use of drawings and art
Kids draw things to take control of their pain
Be familiar with and discuss the biopsychosocial approach to treating chronic
pain in pediatric populations and its implications for pediatric psychologists as apart of a multidisciplinary team (e.g., areas of assessment and what should be assessed)
Draw the picture
Discuss the impact that family (e.g., parental catastrophizing), friends (e.g., perception of disability), and school (e.g., expectations for returning to school) may have on treatment/intervention
Parental catastrophizing significantly explained child’s disability and number of school sessions attended each week, beyond looking at child reports of pain intensity.
– Parents who catastrophize about their child’s pain are more likely to have children who are more disabled by pain
Be familiar with difference in health related quality of like for children and adolescents with chronic pain compared to children with other diagnoses/healthy children
● 65% of children miss significant amounts of school.
● 33% identified as having a school avoidance component
to presentation
● 61% of families have a history of pain.
● 45 % of families have history of mental illness.
● Approximately 34% possible anxiety disorder. 25% exhibit clinical levels of anxiety.
● Cognitive Behavioral therapy recommended to 70% of all new patients.
● Medication recommendations offered to nearly 100% (anecdotal)
