Questions from obejctives

Question 1

Four behavioral methods for increasing adhereance

Answer 1

1. ) provide reminders
2. ) tailor regimen
3. ) contingency contract
4. ) use transtheoretical model

Question 2

How are educational interventions for adhereance

Answer 2

not good, they may raise knowledge but don’t really invoke behavior change

Question 3

Factors that predict adherence

Answer 3

Severity of disease
Treatment characteristics: side effects and treatment complexity
Personal characteristics: age, gender, personal beliefs
Cultural norms
Health care provider and patient relationship

Question 4

Ways to increase adherence

Answer 4

Education
May increase knowledge but little effect on behavior change
Behavioral methods
Provide prompts and reminders
Electronic technology
Tailor the regimen
Assess patient’s stage of change using transtheoretical model and motivational interviewing
Graduated regimen implementation (i.e., shaping behavior via successive approximations to desired behavior)
Contingency contract

Question 5

Describe the factors that influence the recognition, interpretation, and response
to symptoms.

Answer 5

Individual differences 
Cultural differences 
Attentional differences 
Situational factors 
Stress 
Mood

Question 6

Describe the factors interpretation of symptoms

Answer 6

Visibility of symptoms
Perceived severity
Interference with life
Frequency and persistence

Question 7

What is the conceptualization of disease

Answer 7

NOT SURE!!!!

Question 8

Faulty communication – providers

Answer 8

Not listening 
Using jargon 
Baby talk 
Non-person centered treatment (treating disease)
Stereotypes of patients

Question 9

Faulty communication – patients

Answer 9

Patient characteristics
Patient knowledge
Patient attitudes toward symptoms
Interactive aspects of the communication problem

Question 10

Discuss the importance of asking questions during medical appointments and
how health practitioners can be effective agents of behavior change.

Answer 10

Asking/being open to questions improves communication and patient satisfaction
Health practitioner
Highly credible source of knowledge
Simple and tailored health messages
Highlighting advantages/disadvantages adherence and nonadherence
Private, face-to-face interactions
Communicate with warmth and caring
Enlist cooperation of other family members

Question 11

Discuss the nature of gender differences in risk factors for CVD and possible
reasons for gender differences in CVD prevalence and treatment.

Answer 11

ITS GET SO MUCH WORSE FOR WOMEN AFTER MENOPAUSE. THINK AND WRITE ABOUT HWY

Question 12

Define cancer, the four major types of cancer, and how cancers develop and
progress.

Answer 12

carcinoma_epithelia
sarcoma _connective
lymphoma
lukemia

Question 13

Describe the inherent, environmental, and behavioral risk factors that influence
the initiation and course of cancer.

Answer 13

Write these out as well. (asbestos, smokind drinking, sedentary lifestyle high fat diet)

Question 14

Define cancer health disparities and discuss the factors that may contribute to
these disparities.

Answer 14

people with lower SES have worse outcomes

Probably because they do not have access to health care which leads to late stage discoveries

Question 15

Know the racial/ethnic groups at greatest risk for different types of cancers
discussed in class and potential reasons for disparities.

Answer 15

LOWER SES PEOPLE DONT DO AS WELL

Question 16

Know the primary population demographics that are served by the CHW
Pediatric Pain clinic (race, gender, age group) and the statistic of the number of
children who experience chronic head ache pain (see slide)

Answer 16

70% women
41% 8-12
54% 13-17
Most have pain in kneck abdomen or lower extremity

Question 17

Define pain (2 definitions presented), and be able to describe the difference
between acute and chronic pain.

Answer 17

A complex response to tissue damage or the threat of tissue that is related to sensory and cognitive-affective factors
Pain is whatever the person says it is

Question 18

Describe the gate control theory and how it relates to chronic pain, and state factors that contribute to opening/closing of the gates

Answer 18

Gate control theory of pain
CNS
Spinal cord
Gates open or close
Brain
Brain stem can inhibit messages by production of endorphins
Chronic pain goes through the hypothalamus and limbic system
Brain systems attach to cognitive and affective meaning to them
PNS
Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
A-delta fibers (fast) – acute
G-delta fibers (slow) – chronic pain

Question 19

Factors that open the chronic pain gates

Answer 19

Injury
Muscle tension 
Stress
Cognitive factors 
Emotional factors 
Not exercising/overdoing it

Question 20

Stress

Answer 20

Imbalance between the perceived demands from the environment and the individuals perceived resources to meet those demands 
Muscle spasms 
Restlessness
Headache
Chest tightness

Question 21

Discuss the therapeutic use of drawings and art

Answer 21

Kids draw things to take control of their pain

Question 22

Be familiar with and discuss the biopsychosocial approach to treating chronic
pain in pediatric populations and its implications for pediatric psychologists as apart of a multidisciplinary team (e.g., areas of assessment and what should be assessed)

Answer 22

Draw the picture

Question 23

Discuss the impact that family (e.g., parental catastrophizing), friends (e.g., perception of disability), and school (e.g., expectations for returning to school) may have on treatment/intervention

Answer 23

Parental catastrophizing significantly explained child’s disability and number of school sessions attended each week, beyond looking at child reports of pain intensity.
– Parents who catastrophize about their child’s pain are more likely to have children who are more disabled by pain

Question 24

Be familiar with difference in health related quality of like for children and adolescents with chronic pain compared to children with other diagnoses/healthy children

Answer 24

● 65% of children miss significant amounts of school.
● 33% identified as having a school avoidance component
to presentation
● 61% of families have a history of pain.
● 45 % of families have history of mental illness.
● Approximately 34% possible anxiety disorder. 25% exhibit clinical levels of anxiety.
● Cognitive Behavioral therapy recommended to 70% of all new patients.
● Medication recommendations offered to nearly 100% (anecdotal)

Question 25

Describe and discuss typical treatment plan for pediatric pain patients in the CHW clinic. You should be familiar with both the multidisciplinary plan and how pediatric psychology may be involved (e.g., CBT’s use of stress management, relaxation strategies, cognitions, etc.)

Answer 25

● Typical plan involves:
– Medical Management
– Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
– Collaboration with family/family therapy – Collaboration with Schools
– PT
– Alternative therapies