Exam 2

Question 1

Purpose of Models

Answer 1

design interventions to promote change

we are expected to write about these in our final paper

Question 2

Continuum Model

Answer 2

Explain the process of change combing in some way to predict a behavior

one size fits all

There is some set of influential predictors that combine to predict the behavior outcome

Question 3

Health belief Model

Answer 3

1. ) percieved susceptibility
   
   2. ) perceived severity
   3. ) perceived benefits
   4. ) perceived barriers

Question 4

Health belief model example: quitting smokings

Answer 4

He didn’t feel susceptible

didn't think smoking was a big deal

saw a few benefits to smoking

multiple barriers live in an apartment in which everyone smokes

easy to get cigarettes

Question 5

Criticisms of Health Belief Model

Answer 5

THIS MODEL JUST IGNORES CONTROLapplies to infrequent behaviors

poor generalizability

too focused on motivational facts

ignores belief about control

Question 6

Self Efficacy Model

Answer 6

Based off the work of Albert BAndura

    assumes that human have the capacity to exercise limited control over their lives             through self regulation

Perception of Self Efficacy

    peoples belief of their ability to exercise control over some factor

    Our confidence that we can perform a necessary behavior

Question 7

How to acquire or enhance behavior according to the self efficacy Model

Answer 7

Performance or enacting a behavior

vicarious experience

verbal persuassion

physiological arousal sates (stress, anxiety typically decrease self efficacy) 

Theory of Planned behavior Model

Question 8

Criticisms of the Self Efficacy model

Answer 8

focuses too much on self efficacy

ignores social pressure

Question 9

Behavioral Theory

Answer 9

based on operant conditioning

focuses on reinforcement rather than punishment

predicts adherance

Question 10

Criticism of behavioral theory

Answer 10

recognizes that we like patterns and we DONT LIKE CHANGE

Question 11

Theory of Planned behavior

Answer 11

assumes people are reasonable

think about subjective norms

percieved behavioral control

Question 12

Subjective norm

Answer 12

the perception of what others are doing around us

based on the belief that others shape our behavior

we look to the people around us for motivation to adhere

percieved social pressure to engage or not engage in our behavior

All of these impact behavior through intention

Question 13

Behavior

Question 14

Behavior

Answer 14

the result of our intention to act or not act

not change

or change!

Intentions are the best predictor

Question 15

Crituqes for all of the continuum theories

Answer 15

all models do a better job than change

HNM and TOPB adress motivation attitudes and intuition but not actual behavior

LEave out important psychological factors that predict behavior

Question 17

Stage Models

Answer 17

Behavior changes in distinct stages

does not see behavior change in a linear fashion

to be able to match where someone is

Question 18

Stages of change model

Answer 18

Pre contemplation Stage

    lack awareness that our behavior is a problem

    There is no reason to change behavior because it doesn't seem like a problem

Contemplation stage

    you need awareness in order to move to this stage

    people think about change but haven't made a decision to change yet

    benefits of change go up

Action

    you need information to get to this stage

Preperation Phase

    making small changes highly motivated

    vary in self efficacy

    highly motivated    

    making an overt effort to help people see it

Question 19

Precaution Adoption Model

Answer 19

several stags of beliefs about susceptibility

non linear

Question 20

Health promotion

Answer 20

defineds as any event process or activity that facilitates the protect or improvement of the health status of individuals group comities populations

Question 21

Health promotion is Environmentally based

Answer 21

encompasses public health policies

effectiveness not determined by awareness of intervention

Question 22

Health promotion is behavioraly based

Answer 22

\

Dependant on actions of individuals and groups

Interventions aim to raise awareness

Must be delivered in a way that maximizes persuasion

​

Question 23

Behavior change approach to health behavior

Answer 23

Alteration and thinking processes should be the central focus of health promotion

Ex. through education

Question 24

Self emporwement approach to health behavior

Answer 24

Increases their experiences of control

controling internal as well as social approach

through engagement as well as involvement at both the individual and community level

Question 25

Collective ACtion/Community development approach

Answer 25

focuses on environmental causes of disease

think of intervention at the societal level

Emphasizes that individuals act colleectively together

Question 26

Gay Mans Task Force

Question 27

Define Perusuasion

Answer 27

attitudes or belief that change as a result of exposure to messages and information

about something we have an opinion about

Increasing positive behaviors

Question 28

Yale model of persuasive Communication

Answer 28

Source

content of message

    order

    type of appraisal

    how many view points

who is receiving the message

perception about the source

    who or what is sharing the content

    how likable they come across

Question 29

Dual route models of Behavior Change

Answer 29

modes of thinking that create change in attitudes/behavior differ in terms of the level of cognitive processing

elaboration likelihood Model

    Central Route

        through elaboration

        require cognitive effort

        if we do pay attention and use this route it appears to be more persistent 

Peripheral Route

    require very little cognitive effort

    there are a lot of factor that don’t really matter

Question 30

factors that decide which route will be used

Answer 30

personal involvement in the content

actual involvement in the content

motivation

Question 31

Hueristic Systematic Model

Answer 31

Plays on already existing heuristics in our memory

effortless heuristic Model

    default mode we are in

    if persuasions has worked this way before it will work again

Cognitively demanding systematic mode

    rational appraisal

ALLOWS FOR BOTH PROCESSES TO OCCUR AT THE SAME TIME

Question 32

Fear Appeals

Answer 32

IF you are not that scared you will not want to change

Question 33

Types of Exercise

Answer 33

1.) ISOMETRIC Exercise

    Contracting a muscle against an immovable object.

    ex. push the wall as hard as you can

    done with older individuals

2.) Isotonic

    Contraction of muscles and movement of joints

    LIFTING

    improving muscle strength and muscle endurance

3.) Isokinetic

     exerting effort to move muscles and joints against variable resistance

    need specialized equipment that adjust the amount of resistance against force             applied

4.) Anaerobic

    short intensive burst of energy that require no increased amount of oxygen use

    improve speed and endurance

    good for people with cardiovascular disease

5.) Aerobic

    Intensity and duration

    heart rate has to be in certain zone based on age and maximum heart rate

    superior in improving cardiovascular health 3 times a week for 50 minutes