Exam 2 Flashcards
Purpose of Models
design interventions to promote change
we are expected to write about these in our final paper
Continuum Model
Explain the process of change combing in some way to predict a behavior
one size fits all There is some set of influential predictors that combine to predict the behavior outcome
Health belief Model
- ) percieved susceptibility
- ) perceived severity
- ) perceived benefits
- ) perceived barriers
Health belief model example: quitting smokings
He didn’t feel susceptible
didn't think smoking was a big deal saw a few benefits to smoking multiple barriers live in an apartment in which everyone smokes easy to get cigarettes
Criticisms of Health Belief Model
THIS MODEL JUST IGNORES CONTROLapplies to infrequent behaviors
poor generalizability too focused on motivational facts ignores belief about control
Self Efficacy Model
Based off the work of Albert BAndura
assumes that human have the capacity to exercise limited control over their lives through self regulation
Perception of Self Efficacy
peoples belief of their ability to exercise control over some factor
Our confidence that we can perform a necessary behavior
How to acquire or enhance behavior according to the self efficacy Model
Performance or enacting a behavior
vicarious experience verbal persuassion physiological arousal sates (stress, anxiety typically decrease self efficacy) Theory of Planned behavior Model
Criticisms of the Self Efficacy model
focuses too much on self efficacy
ignores social pressure
Behavioral Theory
based on operant conditioning
focuses on reinforcement rather than punishment predicts adherance
Criticism of behavioral theory
recognizes that we like patterns and we DONT LIKE CHANGE
Theory of Planned behavior
assumes people are reasonable
think about subjective norms percieved behavioral control
Subjective norm
the perception of what others are doing around us
based on the belief that others shape our behavior we look to the people around us for motivation to adhere percieved social pressure to engage or not engage in our behavior
All of these impact behavior through intention
Behavior
Behavior
the result of our intention to act or not act
not change or change! Intentions are the best predictor
Crituqes for all of the continuum theories
all models do a better job than change
HNM and TOPB adress motivation attitudes and intuition but not actual behavior LEave out important psychological factors that predict behavior
Stage Models
Behavior changes in distinct stages
does not see behavior change in a linear fashion to be able to match where someone is
Stages of change model
Pre contemplation Stage
lack awareness that our behavior is a problem
There is no reason to change behavior because it doesn't seem like a problem
Contemplation stage
you need awareness in order to move to this stage
people think about change but haven't made a decision to change yet
benefits of change go up
Action
you need information to get to this stage
Preperation Phase
making small changes highly motivated
vary in self efficacy
highly motivated
making an overt effort to help people see it
Precaution Adoption Model
several stags of beliefs about susceptibility
non linear
Health promotion
defineds as any event process or activity that facilitates the protect or improvement of the health status of individuals group comities populations
Health promotion is Environmentally based
encompasses public health policies
effectiveness not determined by awareness of intervention
Health promotion is behavioraly based
\
Dependant on actions of individuals and groups
Interventions aim to raise awareness Must be delivered in a way that maximizes persuasion
Behavior change approach to health behavior
Alteration and thinking processes should be the central focus of health promotion
Ex. through education
Self emporwement approach to health behavior
Increases their experiences of control
controling internal as well as social approach through engagement as well as involvement at both the individual and community level
