FAT PEOPLE Flashcards
Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI is a fairly reliable indicator of body fatness for most people.
Does not measure body fat directly
Why use BMI?
Inexpensive and easy to perform
Provides a method for comparing one’s own weight status to general population
BMI for age relates to health risks and direct
measures of body fat
NHLBI suggests considering waist circumference (abdominal fat) and other risk factors
Diagnostic Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa (DSM-5; APA 2013)
Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to a significantly low body weight in the context of age, sex, developmental trajectory, and physical health. Significantly low weight is defined as a weight that is less than minimally normal or, for children and adolescents, less than that minimally expected.
Intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, even though at a significantly low weight.
Disturbance in the way in which one’s body weight or shape is experienced, undue influence of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or persistent lack of recognition of the seriousness of the current low body weight.
Restricting Type:
During the last 3 months, the individual has not engaged in recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging behavior (i.e., self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas). This subtype describes presentations in which weight loss is accomplished primarily through dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise.
Binge-Eating/Purging Type
During the last 3 months, the individual has engaged in recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging behavior (i.e., self-induced
The 12-month prevalence of anorexia nervosa among young females is
~~.4%
Average age of onset
14 – 18 years old; rarely before puberty or after age 40
Bimodal peaks at 14.5 and 18 years of age
Often associated with stressful life event
Anorexia Nervosa
14.5
18
Consequences of Anorexia
Consequences of Anorexia
• Damage to vital organs (e.g., heart rhythms)
• Brain – shrinks and personality changes
• Breathing, pulse, blood pressure drop
• Slowed thyroid functioning
• Digestive system problems (slows down and constipation occurs with small amounts of food)
• Lanugo hair (baby-fine hair) on body
• Dry and brittle nails and hair - lose hair on head
• Skin dries and yellows
• Dehydration
Diagnostic Criteria for Bulimia Nervos (DSM-5, APA, 2013)
Recurrent episodes of binge eating. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following:
Eating, in a discrete period of time (e.g., within any 2-hour period), an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat during a similar period of time and under similar circumstances.
A sense of lack of control over eating during the episode (e.g., a feeling that one cannot stop eating or control what or how much one is eating).
Bulimia Nervosa
The 12-month prevalence of bulimia nervosa among females is 1-1.5%
• Age of onset is late adolescence/early 20s
• Ratio of females to males is 10:1
• Binge eating frequently begins during or after an episode of dieting to lose weight
• Multiple stressful life events can also precipitate onset
Consequences of Bulimia
Stomach rupture from binge eating • Heart failure from purging • Acid in vomit wears down outer layer of teeth • Scarring on the back of hands • Inflamed esophagus and swollen glands • Co-morbid depression and anxiety
Diagnostic Criteria for Binge-Eating Disorder (DSM-5, APA, 2013)
B.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
Recurrent episode of binge eating (same as BN)
The binge-eating episodes are associated with three (or more) of the following:
Eating much more rapidly than normal
Eating until feeling uncomfortably full
Eating large amounts of food when not feeling physically hungry
Eating alone because of feeling embarrassed by how much one is eating
Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterward
Diagnostic Criteria for Binge-Eating Disorder (DSM-5, APA, 2013)
Marked distress regarding binge eating is present
The binge eating occurs, on average, at least once a week for 3 months
The binge eating is not associated with the recurrent use of inappropriate compensatory behavior as in bulimia nervosa and does not occur exclusively during the course of bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa
Binge-Eating Disorder
Occurs in normal-weight/overweight and obese individuals
Most obese individuals do not engage in recurrent binge eating
Those with the disorder consume more calories in laboratory studies of eating behavior and have greater functional impairment, lower quality of life, more subjective distress, and greater psychiatric comorbidity.
12-month prevalence among US adult females is 1.6% and among males is 0.8%.
Consequences of Binge-Eating Disorder
Social role adjustment problems
• Impaired health-related quality of life and life satisfaction
• Increased medical morbidity and mortality
• Increased health care utilization
• May be associated with increased risk for weight gain and development of obesity
Consequences of Binge-Eating Disorder
Typically overweight, but not all people with overweight have BED • High blood pressure • Diabetes • Gall Bladder disease • Heart Disease • Cancer • Depression
