DRUGS

Question 1

What is Tolerance?

Answer 1

1. Requires more drug to produce same effect
   OR
2. Decreased sensitivity to a drug with same dose

Question 2

Dependence:

Answer 2

Occurs when a drug becomes so incorporated into the functioning of the body’s cells that it becomes necessary for “normal” functioning

Question 3

Craving:

Answer 3

Strong desire to engage in behavior or consume a substance

Question 4

Withdrawal:

Answer 4

Compensatory action of the nervous system that looks like the opposite action of a dru

Question 5

What is Addiction?

Answer 5

A chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences.
Dependence on a drug such that stopping its use results in withdrawal symptoms
Drugs change the brain’s structure and how it works

Question 6

Why do people take drugs?

Answer 6

1. 2. 3. 4.
         Feel good/Mimic natural highs Feel better
         Perform better Curiosity/Perceived norm

Question 7

Development of Drug Abuse

Answer 7

Initial + effects of drug use
Pleasurable activities become less pleasurable Drug use becomes necessary to feel “normal” Continued seeking/use of drug despite problems
Initial decision: voluntary
Continued use: when drug use takes over, ability to exert self-control may become impaired

Question 8

Areas most effected by drug use:

Answer 8

Brain stem Limbic system Cerebral cortex

Frontal cortex/forebr

Question 9

Drugs and the Brain

Answer 9

Drugs tap into brain’s communication system and interfere with the way nerve cells normally send, receive, and process information
Marijuana and heroin: Chemical structures mimic normal neurotransmitters
Amphetamine and cocaine: Cause nerve cells to release abnormally large amounts

Question 10

Dopamine & Drugs

Answer 10

regulates movement, emotion, cognition, motivation, feelings of pleasure
• Some drugs can release 2-10 times the amount of dopamine that natural rewards do (eating and sex)
• Immediate effects (smoking, injection) and longer lasting effects
• Powerful rewards motivate people to take drugs again and again
• Abusers need to take drugs to try and bring dopamine functions back to normal
• Tolerance = needed to take larger amounts of drug

Question 11

Serotonin:

Answer 11

regulates mood and sleep

Question 12

Glutamate:

Answer 12

regulates learning and memory

Question 13

Medical Consequences:

Answer 13

Cardiovascular disease
• Stroke
• Cancer
• HIV/AIDS
• Hepatitis B and C
• Lung disease
• Mental Disorders
• Negative effects of prenatal drug use on infants and children

Question 14

•
• • • • •
• • •
Mental Health Consequences:

Answer 14

Depression
Anxiety
Bipolar disorder
ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) Antisocial personality disorder
Overlapping genetic vulnerabilities Overlapping environmental triggers Involvement of similar brain regions

Question 15

Treatment and Recovery

Answer 15

like other chronic diseases
Relapse rates = how often symptoms recur
Both biological and behavioral components must be addressed
Abstinence and restored functioning is often a long- term process
Treatment and Recovery
• •
•
• Support group participation

Question 16

Drug abuse and mental illness are developmental disease

Answer 16

early exposure causes more problems

early symptoms of mental illness puts them at higer risk for drug use and abuse

Question 17

Behavioral therapy

Answer 17

enage in treatment
modify attitude
life skills to handle stress
handle environmental cues

Question 18

medication

Answer 18

treatment withdrawal
staying in treatment
preventing relapse

Question 19

CBT

Answer 19

Motivation incentives
rewards for being able to engage in specific behaviors
Motivation interviewing
Group Therapy