Exam 2 from slides

Question 1

PURPOSE of Models

Answer 1

Used for intervention planning to promote change

Question 2

ASSUMPTIONS Of Models

Answer 2

We have regulatory control of our behavior
Many health conditions are the result of risky behaviors
Therefore, we can change our health compromising behavior

Question 3

Assumption of the health belief Model

Answer 3

Assumes beliefs are important contributors to health behavior

Question 4

4 perceptions of the health belief model

Answer 4

Perceived susceptibility

Perceived severity Perceived benefits Perceived Barriers

Question 5

Quitting smoking example of the health belief model

Answer 5

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Question 6

Criticisms of the health belief model

Answer 6

Applies to relatively simple and infrequent behaviors
Poor generalizability
Too focused on motivational factors
Ignores beliefs about control

Question 7

Self-Efficacy Theory

Answer 7

Human action = interaction of behavior, environment and person factors (e.g. cognitions)

Question 8

Self-Efficacy:

Answer 8

People’s beliefs in their capability to exercise some measure of control over their own functioning and over environmental events

Question 9

Self Efficacy is situation specific

Answer 9

Confidence that they can perform necessary behaviors to produce desired outcomes in a particular situation

Question 10

ways to increase self efficacy

Answer 10

Performance or enacting a behavior
Vicarious experience
Verbal persuasion
Physiological arousal states (typically decrease)

Question 11

Criticisms of self efficacy behavior change theory

Answer 11

Omits other factors outside of self-efficacy that may supply motivation for adherence
E.g. social pressure

Question 12

Behavioral Theory

Answer 12

Based on principles of operant conditioning
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Punishment
Incentives are important!

Question 13

Theory of planned behavior

Answer 13

Attitudes toward behavior
Subjective Norm
Perceived behavioral control

Question 14

Continuum Model Takeaways

Answer 14

• • • •
All models do a better job than chance at explaining and predicting behavior
HBM and ToPB address motivation, attitudes and intentions but NOT actual behavior/change
Identify several beliefs that should motivate anyone to change
Leave out important psychological factors that predict behavior (e.g. self-identity, anticipated emotions)

Question 15

STAGE

MODEL

Answer 15

Alternative to continuum model
Behavior change occurs in distinct stage
Focused on process that leads to behavior change
Behavior change is less linear

Question 16

Stages of change model

Answer 16

Pre contemplation Stage
lack awareness that our behavior is a problem
There is no reason to change behavior because it doesn’t seem like a problem

Contemplation stage
	you need awareness in order to move to this stage
	people think about change but haven't made a decision to change yet
	benefits of change go up

Action
	you need information to get to this stage

	Preperation Phase
		making small changes highly motivated
		vary in self efficacy
		highly motivated	
		making an overt effort to help people see it

Maintenance Stage

Question 17

Critique of Continuum Theories

Answer 17

Unnecessary complexity
Recognizes tailoring interventions to person’s stage of behavior change
Mixed results regarding whether stage-matching interventions are more effective than non-stage matched interventions