Quantitative Data Flashcards
The mean is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of _____. The formula is Mean = Sum of all values / Number of _____.
values, values
The median is the middle value in an ordered data set, and if the number of values is even, it is the average of the two _____.
middle numbers
The mode is the most frequently occurring value(s) in a data set, which can have one mode, multiple modes, or _____.
no mode
A frequency table organizes data into categories or intervals and shows how often each category/interval _____.
occurs
A summary table condenses data by providing aggregated statistics such as totals, averages, or _____.
percentages
A bar chart displays categories on the x-axis and frequencies or values on the y-axis using _____.
rectangular bars
A histogram is a type of bar graph used for continuous data, where bars represent intervals and the height indicates _____.
frequency
The range measures the spread of data, calculated as the difference between the highest and _____.
lowest values
Standard deviation measures how spread out the values are from the mean, with a smaller standard deviation indicating data points are close to the _____.
mean
Percentages represent a value as a fraction of 100, calculated using the formula Percentage = (Part / Whole) x _____.
100
Ratios compare two quantities, expressed as a:b or _____.
a/b
A fraction represents a part of a whole, written as a/b, where a is the numerator and b is the _____.
denominator
Use a bar chart for categorical data and a histogram for _____.
continuous data
In a frequency table, the counts or frequencies help you understand how often each ____ or ____ occurs.
category, interval
Measures of central tendency include the mean, median, and ____, which summarize a data set with a single representative ____.
mode, value
Measures of dispersion show the spread or variability of data, including the range and ____.
standard deviation
To calculate standard deviation, first find the mean, then subtract the mean from each data value to find ____ and square each ____.
deviations, deviation
When calculating standard deviation, after finding the mean of squared deviations, you take the ____ of the result to find the standard deviation.
square root
In Example 1, the mean of the data set 2, 4, 6, 8 is ____, and the standard deviation is approximately ____.
5, 2.24
In Example 2, the mean of the data set 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 is ____, and the standard deviation is approximately ____.
30, 14.14
A low standard deviation indicates that the data points are closely clustered around the ____, while a high standard deviation indicates ____ spread.
mean, greater
The mean is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of _____. The result is known as the _____.
values, mean
The median is the middle value in an ordered data set, and if the number of values is even, the median is the average of the two _____.
middle numbers
A frequency table organizes data into categories or intervals and shows how often each _____ occurs.
category/interval
A summary table condenses data by providing aggregated statistics, such as totals, averages, or _____ for different categories.
percentages
A bar chart is a graphical representation of data where categories are shown on the x-axis and _____ or values on the y-axis.
frequencies
A histogram is a type of bar graph used for continuous data, where bars represent intervals of data, and the height indicates _____.
frequency
The range measures the spread of data, calculated as the difference between the highest and _____ values.
lowest
Standard deviation measures how spread out the values are from the mean, with a smaller standard deviation indicating data points are close to the _____ and a larger one indicating more spread.
mean
Percentages represent a value as a fraction of 100, calculated using the formula: Percentage = (Part/_____) × 100.
Whole
Ratios are represented as a comparison of two quantities, often expressed as a fraction, a colon, or in the form of _____.
decimal
A ratio compares two quantities, expressed as ____ or ____.
a:b, ab
A fraction represents a part of a whole, written as ____ where ____ is the numerator.
ab, a
Use a bar chart for ____ data and a histogram for ____ data.
categorical, continuous
To interpret data in a frequency table, look at the ____ or ____ to understand occurrences.
counts, frequencies
Measures of central tendency summarize a data set with a single representative value: ____, ____, and ____.
mean, median, mode
Measures of dispersion show the spread or variability of data: ____ and ____.
range, standard deviation
To calculate standard deviation for a small data set, first find the ____, then subtract it from each data value to find ____ .
mean, deviations
In calculating standard deviation, after finding the mean of squared deviations, you take the ____ of the result.
square root
For the data set 2, 4, 6, 8, the mean is calculated as ____ and the standard deviation is approximately ____.
5, 2.24
For the data set 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, the mean is ____ and the standard deviation is approximately ____.
30, 14.14
The mean is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of values, which is also known as the _____.
average
The mode is the most frequently occurring value(s) in a data set, and a data set can have one mode, multiple modes, or _____.
no mode
A frequency table organizes data into categories or intervals and shows how often each category occurs, which helps in understanding the _____.
distribution of data
To construct a frequency table for the data set 5, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, you would list the values and their corresponding _____.
frequencies
A cumulative frequency table shows the running total of frequencies up to a given value, which helps in understanding the _____.
accumulation of data
The difference between a bar chart and a histogram is that a bar chart represents categorical data while a histogram represents _____.
continuous data
In a bar chart, the bars are separated with gaps, while in a histogram, the bars _____.
touch each other
In a bar chart, the x-axis represents categories such as colors or regions, while in a histogram, it represents _____.
intervals or bins
When comparing the number of students in classes A, B, C, and D, the bar chart would have separate bars for each class with heights corresponding to the number of _____.
students
In a histogram, the bars touch each other, representing ____ intervals and showing the ____ of data.
continuous, frequency
A summary table condenses data by providing aggregated statistics such as ____ and ____ for different categories.
totals, averages
The range measures the spread of data, calculated as the difference between the ____ and ____ values.
highest, lowest
Standard deviation measures how ____ the values are from the ____.
spread out, mean
To calculate the standard deviation, you first find the mean, then calculate the ____ and ____ deviations.
deviations, squared
In Example 1, the data set is 2, 4, 6, 8, and the mean is ____ with a standard deviation of approximately ____.
5, 2.24
In Example 2, the data set is 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and the mean is ____ with a standard deviation of approximately ____.
30, 14.14
Measures of central tendency summarize a data set with a single representative value: mean, ____, and ____.
median, mode
Measures of dispersion show the ____ or ____ of data, including range and standard deviation.
spread, variability
Percentages represent a value as a fraction of ____ and are calculated using the formula: Percentage = (____/____) × 100.
100, Part, Whole
A low standard deviation indicates that the data points are closely clustered around the ____ and have ____ variability.
mean, low
A high standard deviation indicates that the data points are ____ over a wider range of ____ values.
spread out, values
Standard deviation ?
Standard deviation ?
