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Unit 1: Psychology IAL > Quantitative Data > Flashcards

Quantitative Data Flashcards

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1
Q

The mean is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of _____. The formula is Mean = Sum of all values / Number of _____.

A

values, values

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2
Q

The median is the middle value in an ordered data set, and if the number of values is even, it is the average of the two _____.

A

middle numbers

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3
Q

The mode is the most frequently occurring value(s) in a data set, which can have one mode, multiple modes, or _____.

A

no mode

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4
Q

A frequency table organizes data into categories or intervals and shows how often each category/interval _____.

A

occurs

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5
Q

A summary table condenses data by providing aggregated statistics such as totals, averages, or _____.

A

percentages

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6
Q

A bar chart displays categories on the x-axis and frequencies or values on the y-axis using _____.

A

rectangular bars

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7
Q

A histogram is a type of bar graph used for continuous data, where bars represent intervals and the height indicates _____.

A

frequency

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8
Q

The range measures the spread of data, calculated as the difference between the highest and _____.

A

lowest values

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9
Q

Standard deviation measures how spread out the values are from the mean, with a smaller standard deviation indicating data points are close to the _____.

A

mean

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10
Q

Percentages represent a value as a fraction of 100, calculated using the formula Percentage = (Part / Whole) x _____.

A

100

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11
Q

Ratios compare two quantities, expressed as a:b or _____.

A

a/b

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12
Q

A fraction represents a part of a whole, written as a/b, where a is the numerator and b is the _____.

A

denominator

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13
Q

Use a bar chart for categorical data and a histogram for _____.

A

continuous data

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14
Q

In a frequency table, the counts or frequencies help you understand how often each ____ or ____ occurs.

A

category, interval

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15
Q

Measures of central tendency include the mean, median, and ____, which summarize a data set with a single representative ____.

A

mode, value

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16
Q

Measures of dispersion show the spread or variability of data, including the range and ____.

A

standard deviation

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17
Q

To calculate standard deviation, first find the mean, then subtract the mean from each data value to find ____ and square each ____.

A

deviations, deviation

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18
Q

When calculating standard deviation, after finding the mean of squared deviations, you take the ____ of the result to find the standard deviation.

A

square root

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19
Q

In Example 1, the mean of the data set 2, 4, 6, 8 is ____, and the standard deviation is approximately ____.

A

5, 2.24

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20
Q

In Example 2, the mean of the data set 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 is ____, and the standard deviation is approximately ____.

A

30, 14.14

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21
Q

A low standard deviation indicates that the data points are closely clustered around the ____, while a high standard deviation indicates ____ spread.

A

mean, greater

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22
Q

The mean is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of _____. The result is known as the _____.

A

values, mean

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23
Q

The median is the middle value in an ordered data set, and if the number of values is even, the median is the average of the two _____.

A

middle numbers

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24
Q

A frequency table organizes data into categories or intervals and shows how often each _____ occurs.

A

category/interval

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25
Q

A summary table condenses data by providing aggregated statistics, such as totals, averages, or _____ for different categories.

A

percentages

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26
Q

A bar chart is a graphical representation of data where categories are shown on the x-axis and _____ or values on the y-axis.

A

frequencies

27
Q

A histogram is a type of bar graph used for continuous data, where bars represent intervals of data, and the height indicates _____.

A

frequency

28
Q

The range measures the spread of data, calculated as the difference between the highest and _____ values.

A

lowest

29
Q

Standard deviation measures how spread out the values are from the mean, with a smaller standard deviation indicating data points are close to the _____ and a larger one indicating more spread.

A

mean

30
Q

Percentages represent a value as a fraction of 100, calculated using the formula: Percentage = (Part/_____) × 100.

A

Whole

31
Q

Ratios are represented as a comparison of two quantities, often expressed as a fraction, a colon, or in the form of _____.

A

decimal

32
Q

A ratio compares two quantities, expressed as ____ or ____.

A

a:b, ab

33
Q

A fraction represents a part of a whole, written as ____ where ____ is the numerator.

A

ab, a

34
Q

Use a bar chart for ____ data and a histogram for ____ data.

A

categorical, continuous

35
Q

To interpret data in a frequency table, look at the ____ or ____ to understand occurrences.

A

counts, frequencies

36
Q

Measures of central tendency summarize a data set with a single representative value: ____, ____, and ____.

A

mean, median, mode

37
Q

Measures of dispersion show the spread or variability of data: ____ and ____.

A

range, standard deviation

38
Q

To calculate standard deviation for a small data set, first find the ____, then subtract it from each data value to find ____ .

A

mean, deviations

39
Q

In calculating standard deviation, after finding the mean of squared deviations, you take the ____ of the result.

A

square root

40
Q

For the data set 2, 4, 6, 8, the mean is calculated as ____ and the standard deviation is approximately ____.

A

5, 2.24

41
Q

For the data set 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, the mean is ____ and the standard deviation is approximately ____.

A

30, 14.14

42
Q

The mean is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of values, which is also known as the _____.

A

average

43
Q

The mode is the most frequently occurring value(s) in a data set, and a data set can have one mode, multiple modes, or _____.

A

no mode

44
Q

A frequency table organizes data into categories or intervals and shows how often each category occurs, which helps in understanding the _____.

A

distribution of data

45
Q

To construct a frequency table for the data set 5, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, you would list the values and their corresponding _____.

A

frequencies

46
Q

A cumulative frequency table shows the running total of frequencies up to a given value, which helps in understanding the _____.

A

accumulation of data

47
Q

The difference between a bar chart and a histogram is that a bar chart represents categorical data while a histogram represents _____.

A

continuous data

48
Q

In a bar chart, the bars are separated with gaps, while in a histogram, the bars _____.

A

touch each other

49
Q

In a bar chart, the x-axis represents categories such as colors or regions, while in a histogram, it represents _____.

A

intervals or bins

50
Q

When comparing the number of students in classes A, B, C, and D, the bar chart would have separate bars for each class with heights corresponding to the number of _____.

A

students

51
Q

In a histogram, the bars touch each other, representing ____ intervals and showing the ____ of data.

A

continuous, frequency

52
Q

A summary table condenses data by providing aggregated statistics such as ____ and ____ for different categories.

A

totals, averages

53
Q

The range measures the spread of data, calculated as the difference between the ____ and ____ values.

A

highest, lowest

54
Q

Standard deviation measures how ____ the values are from the ____.

A

spread out, mean

55
Q

To calculate the standard deviation, you first find the mean, then calculate the ____ and ____ deviations.

A

deviations, squared

56
Q

In Example 1, the data set is 2, 4, 6, 8, and the mean is ____ with a standard deviation of approximately ____.

A

5, 2.24

57
Q

In Example 2, the data set is 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and the mean is ____ with a standard deviation of approximately ____.

A

30, 14.14

58
Q

Measures of central tendency summarize a data set with a single representative value: mean, ____, and ____.

A

median, mode

59
Q

Measures of dispersion show the ____ or ____ of data, including range and standard deviation.

A

spread, variability

60
Q

Percentages represent a value as a fraction of ____ and are calculated using the formula: Percentage = (____/____) × 100.

A

100, Part, Whole

61
Q

A low standard deviation indicates that the data points are closely clustered around the ____ and have ____ variability.

A

mean, low

62
Q

A high standard deviation indicates that the data points are ____ over a wider range of ____ values.

A

spread out, values

63
Q

Standard deviation ?

A
64
Q

Standard deviation ?

A

Unit 1: Psychology IAL (18 decks)

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