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Unit 1: Psychology IAL > Burger (2009) Replicating Milgram: Would people still obey today? > Flashcards

Burger (2009) Replicating Milgram: Would people still obey today? Flashcards

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1
Q

In Burger’s 2009 study, he aimed to replicate Milgram’s findings while making it more ____ and testing the ____ in more detail.

A

ethical, hypotheses

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2
Q

Burger’s study incorporated elements from Milgram’s Variation #5 and Variation #17, including a learner with a ____ and a second teacher who ____ the main participant to stop.

A

heart condition, encourages

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3
Q

The significance of Burger’s study lies in its demonstration of how scientific research can be ____ and how it explores both ____ and individual differences.

A

replicated, social behavior

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4
Q

In the Milgram study, participants experienced distress at high voltage levels, but Burger found that those who rebelled did so by ____ volts, marking the ____ of no return.

A

150, point

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5
Q

Burger’s study illustrates the power of the experimental method by manipulating an ____ and drawing conclusions about ____ from differences in the DV.

A

independent variable, cause and effect

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6
Q

To ensure ethical standards, Burger argues that continuing the experiment beyond ____ volts is unnecessary, as it causes ____ distress to participants.

A

150, unnecessary

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7
Q

The design of Burger’s study is significant because it uses an ____ Groups design, which helps in understanding the effects of ____ on obedience.

A

Independent, variables

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8
Q

Burger’s research is important for students as it shows how research can be time-locked, meaning conclusions may not hold ____ over time.

A

true

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9
Q

In evaluating Burger’s study, one might consider aspects such as methods, findings, reliability, validity, and ____.

A

ethics

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10
Q

The study by Burger is a partial replication of Milgram’s work, which is significant for illustrating the importance of ____ in psychological research.

A

ethical considerations

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11
Q

In Burger’s study, the two personality traits he focused on were ____ and ____.

A

empathy, locus of control

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12
Q

The main independent variable in Burger’s study was the base condition compared to the ____ condition.

A

model refusal

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13
Q

Burger aimed to see if personality variables like empathy and locus of control influence ____.

A

obedience

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14
Q

Participants in Burger’s study were aged between ____ and ____ years old.

A

20, 81

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15
Q

The dependent variable in Burger’s study was measured by how many volts the last shock was before the participant ____, exhausted all the prods, or reached ____V.

A

refused to go on, 150

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16
Q

Burger’s study was conducted in the year ____ and aimed to replicate Milgram’s study from ____ .

A

2009, 1963

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17
Q

The sample for Burger’s study consisted of ____ participants who were a mixture of men and ____ .

A

70, women

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18
Q

Participants were recruited through newspaper ads and ____ left in libraries for Burger’s study.

A

online fliers

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19
Q

Burger’s study included a two-step screening process for participants with ____ knowledge and those with ____ issues.

A

psychological, drug or emotional

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20
Q

The presence of a disobedient ‘model’ in Burger’s study was expected to influence levels of ____.

A

obedience

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21
Q

In the experiment, the teacher watches the learner being strapped into the electric chair and then sits at the ____ generator in an adjacent ____.

A

shock, room

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22
Q

The test shock that the participant receives in Burger’s experiment starts at ____ and goes up in ____ intervals.

A

15V, 15V

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23
Q

The learner indicates he has a slight heart condition, but the experimenter assures the teacher that the shocks are ____ and not ____.

A

not harmful, painful

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24
Q

In the ‘model refusal’ condition, a second confederate pretends to be a second teacher and at ____ volts, he refuses to go on, prompting the naïve participant to take over.

A

90V, take over

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25
Q

Burger used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index to measure ____ and the Desirability of Control Scale to measure ____ in participants.

A

empathy, locus of control

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26
Q

Burger implemented ethical controls such as a two-step screening process and warning participants that they could ____ at any point and still keep the ____ .

A

withdraw, $50

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27
Q

The experimenter in Burger’s study was a clinical psychologist skilled in spotting and reacting to ____ during the experiment.

A

distress, experiment

28
Q

In Burger’s results, ____% of participants in the baseline condition were prepared to go past 150V, compared to ____% in Milgram’s Variation #5.

A

70%, 82.5%

29
Q

Burger found no significant difference in obedience between ____ and ____ participants in his study.

A

men, women

30
Q

The ‘test shock’ experienced by participants in Burger’s study was only a mild ____V, unlike Milgram’s painful ____V.

A

15V, 45V

31
Q

In the ‘model refusal’ condition, women were slightly less likely to obey, but this was not statistically _____.

A

significant

32
Q

Empathy did not significantly affect obedience, but those who stopped at 150V had a higher locus of _____ in the base condition.

A

control

33
Q

Burger concluded that Milgram’s results still stand, indicating that people are influenced by _____ factors to obey authority.

A

situational

34
Q

Burger’s assumption was that participants willing to go beyond 150V would also go to _____V, similar to Milgram’s findings.

A

450

35
Q

The ‘model refusal’ results were not very different from the base condition, which is odd because Social Impact Theory suggests the impact of authority would be _____.

A

lessened

36
Q

Participants high in empathic concern showed reluctance to continue earlier, but this did not lead to a greater likelihood of _____ to continue.

A

refusing

37
Q

The presence of a refusing model may undermine the tendency to assert personal _____ in the ‘model refusal’ condition.

A

control

38
Q

Locus of control made a difference in obedience, suggesting some people resist the _____ state.

A

agentic

39
Q

Burger’s sample included 70 people, which is larger than Milgram’s sample of _____ people.

A

40

40
Q

Burger’s sample covered a wider age range, from 20 to _____ years old, compared to Milgram’s 20 to 50 years old.

A

81

41
Q

Two thirds of Burger’s sample were women, while Milgram’s sample was composed entirely of _____.

A

male

42
Q

Burger excluded people with emotional issues and some education in _____, which may have affected the _____ of the results.

A

Psychology, validity

43
Q

Milgram’s original procedure is reliable because it can be _____ and has been replicated in _____ Variations.

A

replicated, 19

44
Q

Burger followed Milgram’s script and used the same _____ every time to ensure consistency in his _____ study.

A

confederates, replication

45
Q

By filming the study, Burger enhances _____ reliability, allowing others to judge participants’ _____ for themselves.

A

inter-rater, behavior

46
Q

The study shows how obedience to authority can be increased in settings like _____, _____, and prisons.

A

schools, workplaces

47
Q

Authority figures should wear symbols of authority and justify their power with reference to a _____ good.

A

greater

48
Q

Testing for locus of control might identify those likely to be _____, as those needing control are less likely to take _____ from others.

A

disobedient, orders

49
Q

Milgram’s study was criticized for lacking _____ validity due to the artificial nature of the task involving electric shocks.

A

ecological

50
Q

Participants were paid in advance, indicating that _____ pressure influenced their decision to continue shocking, not a _____ calculation.

A

social, cost/benefit

51
Q

Stopping the study at 150V may be _____ because it assumes participants would not have continued to higher voltages.

A

invalid

52
Q

Burger screened out participants likely to be _____ by the study, addressing ethical concerns from Milgram’s original experiment.

A

distressed

53
Q

The Experimenter in Burger’s study was a trained _____ psychologist who could identify signs of distress.

A

clinical

54
Q

The study was approved by the university _____ Panel, which could shut it down if harm was evident.

A

Ethics

55
Q

Burger reduced the test shock from 45V to a mild _____ to minimize distress among participants.

A

15V

56
Q

Milgram’s participants were reduced to tears and some even _____ during the original study due to the high voltage shocks.

A

fainted

57
Q

In Burger’s study, participants were deceived about the nature of the study, which was presented as a _____ study, not a _____ study.

A

memory, obedience

58
Q

Burger’s study aimed to replicate Milgram’s findings while being more _____ and reducing participant _____ during the experiment.

A

ethical, distress

59
Q

The BPS Ethical Guidelines state that participants must not experience _____; however, some participants in Burger’s study may have felt _____ during the procedure.

A

distress, discomfort

60
Q

Burger’s assumption that participants willing to go beyond 150V would continue to 450V is known as the _____, but this may not be a _____ assumption.

A

150 Volt Solution, correct

61
Q

To improve the validity of his study, Burger paid participants $50 in advance and informed them they could _____ at any time and still keep the _____ .

A

withdraw, money

62
Q

Unlike Milgram, Burger screened out individuals with _____ issues to ensure that the experimenter could identify signs of _____ in participants.

A

emotional, suffering

63
Q

Burger’s study has been criticized for its lack of _____ validity, as the act of giving electric shocks is considered _____ in real life.

A

ecological, artificial

64
Q

The ‘model refusal’ condition in Burger’s study showed that participants might have had second thoughts and _____ out later, challenging Burger’s assumptions about their _____ .

A

backed, obedience

65
Q

Burger’s study concluded that empathy did not significantly impact participants’ decisions to continue, raising questions about _____ and _____ in obedience studies.

A

empathy, influence

66
Q

Burger’s research was designed to address ethical concerns raised by Milgram’s study, particularly regarding the _____ of participants during high-stress situations.

A

well-being

Unit 1: Psychology IAL (18 decks)

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