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Unit 1: Psychology IAL > Normal and Skewed Distribution > Flashcards

Normal and Skewed Distribution Flashcards

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1
Q

In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are all located at the ____ and are ____ about the mean.

A

center, identical

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2
Q

A positively skewed distribution has a tail that extends to the ____ and the ____ is greater than the median.

A

right, mean

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3
Q

In a normal distribution, approximately ____% of data falls within 2 standard deviations from the mean, while ____% falls within 1 standard deviation.

A

95, 68

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4
Q

The key characteristic of a normal distribution is its ____ shape, which is also known as a ____ distribution.

A

bell, Gaussian

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5
Q

In a negatively skewed distribution, the tail extends to the ____ and the ____ is less than the median.

A

left, mean

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6
Q

To assess if data follows a normal distribution, one can use normality tests such as ____ and ____.

A

Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov

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7
Q

Understanding distributions is crucial for statistical analysis as it helps to identify ____ in data and choose appropriate ____ tests.

A

patterns, statistical

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8
Q

In a normal distribution, approximately ____% of data falls within 3 standard deviations from the mean, according to the 68-95-99.7 Rule.

A

99.7

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9
Q

A histogram is a common tool used to visualize the ____ and ____ of a distribution.

A

normality, skewness

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10
Q

The left and right sides of a normal distribution curve are ____ images of each other, indicating its ____ nature.

A

mirror, symmetric

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11
Q

In a distribution where the tail extends to the left, the mean is ____ and the median is ____.

A

less than,greater than

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12
Q

If one tail of a histogram is longer than the other, the data is ____ and the distribution is ____.

A

skewed,not normal

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13
Q

In a positively skewed distribution, the relationship between mean and median is that the mean is ____ the median.

A

greater than

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14
Q

To identify normal or skewed distributions, you can use ____ and ____ as visualization tools.

A

histograms,box plots

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15
Q

In a box plot, skewness is indicated by a longer ____ or a ____ median line.

A

whisker,shifted

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16
Q

An example of a normally distributed variable is the ____ of people in a population, while an example of a positively skewed variable is ____ levels in most countries.

A

heights,income

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17
Q

A test used to check for normality in a dataset is the ____ test.

A

Shapiro-Wilk

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18
Q

Knowing if data is normally distributed is important because many statistical tests assume ____ for accurate results.

A

normality

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19
Q

The ‘68-95-99.7 rule’ states that in a normal distribution, 68% of data falls within ____ standard deviation(s) from the mean.

A

one

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20
Q

Skewness affects statistical analysis by impacting measures of central tendency, particularly the ____, which is pulled towards the skew.

A

mean

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21
Q

A distribution is skewed when it is not symmetrical and one side of the data stretches further than the _____.

A

other side

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22
Q

In a positively skewed distribution, the tail of the graph extends to the _____, where larger values are located.

A

right

23
Q

In a negatively skewed distribution, the mean is less than the _____ because extreme low values pull the mean downward.

A

median

24
Q

A histogram is used to visualize the frequency of data points, while a box plot visualizes the _____ and skewness of data.

A

spread

25
Q

In a positively skewed distribution, the mean is greater than the _____ because extreme high values pull the mean upward.

A

median

26
Q

A normal distribution appears as a bell-shaped curve, while a positively skewed distribution has a long tail on the _____.

A

right

27
Q

The mean, median, and mode are not the same in a skewed distribution, unlike in a _____ distribution.

A

normal

28
Q

The 68-95-99.7 rule states that 68 percent of data falls within one standard deviation from the mean, while 95 percent falls within _____ standard deviations.

A

two

29
Q

In healthcare, understanding distributions is essential for monitoring patient data like _____ and _____ pressure.

A

blood, blood

30
Q

A negatively skewed distribution has a long tail on the left, where smaller values are located, and the mean is _____ than the median.

A

less

31
Q

In a positively skewed distribution, the mean is pulled toward ____ values and is greater than the ____.

A

higher, median

32
Q

In a negatively skewed distribution, the mean is pulled toward ____ values and is less than the ____.

A

lower, median

33
Q

A normal distribution is identified by a histogram that forms a ____ curve and is ____ shaped.

A

bell, symmetric

34
Q

Skewness can be identified in a box plot by a longer ____ on one side or a median line that is not ____.

A

whisker, centered

35
Q

An example of a variable that follows a normal distribution is the ____ of adults in a population, which is typically ____ around a central value.

A

heights, symmetric

36
Q

An example of a positively skewed variable is ____ levels, where a few individuals earn significantly more than the ____.

A

income, majority

37
Q

An example of a negatively skewed variable is the ____ of retirement, where most retire around a standard age but some retire much ____.

A

age, earlier

38
Q

Understanding the type of distribution in data is important to choose the correct ____ analysis methods and interpret results ____.

A

statistical, accurately

39
Q

Skewness distorts the mean, making it less reliable as a measure of ____ tendency and affecting the overall ____ of the data.

A

central, interpretation

40
Q

A real-world use of normal distribution in healthcare is monitoring patients’ ____ pressure, which often follows a ____ pattern.

A

blood, normal

41
Q

Standard deviations are important in a normal distribution because they help determine how much of the data falls ____ the mean, indicating data ____.

A

near, consistency

42
Q

To identify a normal distribution from raw data, look for symmetry around a central value, where the mean, median, and mode are ____ or very ____.

A

close, identical

43
Q

In a normal distribution, there are few extreme values or ____, and the range of data is similar on both sides of the ____.

A

outliers, mean

44
Q

In a positively skewed distribution, the mean is greater than the median and the mode, which can be represented as Mean > _____ > _____.

A

Median, Mode

45
Q

In a negatively skewed distribution, the majority of data points are clustered at the higher end, leading to the relationship Mean < _____ < _____.

A

Median, Mode

46
Q

A normal distribution is characterized by symmetry around the mean, where the mean, median, and mode are approximately equal, represented as Mean ≈ _____ ≈ _____.

A

Median, Mode

47
Q

In a positively skewed distribution, extreme high values can significantly influence the mean, while in a negatively skewed distribution, extreme low values affect the mean. This can be summarized as the presence of extreme _____ or _____.

A

high values, low values

48
Q

When analyzing data, it is important to check for outliers, which are extreme values that can impact the _____ and _____ of the dataset.

A

mean, median

49
Q

In a normal distribution, the data points are evenly spread around the mean, while in a skewed distribution, the range is uneven, with one side having more extreme values. This can be summarized as equal range on both sides of the mean versus _____ range on one side.

A

uneven

50
Q

An example of a positively skewed distribution is annual income, where most incomes cluster around lower values, but a few extreme values can skew the mean upward. This is represented by data points like 20,000, 25,000, and _____.

A

1000000

51
Q

In a negatively skewed distribution, the majority of data points cluster near the upper end, such as in retirement ages where most individuals retire around 60, but a few retire much earlier, leading to a mean that is _____ than the median.

A

lower

52
Q

To identify a skewed distribution from raw data, one should observe the cluster patterns and check how the mean, median, and mode relate to each other, particularly looking for _____ or _____ values.

A

extreme high, extreme low

53
Q

In a positively skewed distribution, the data points are often clustered at the lower end, with a few very high values, such as in the example of 10, 12, 14, 15, and _____.

A

100

Unit 1: Psychology IAL (18 decks)

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