Factors Effecting Conformity Flashcards
In Solomon Asch’s line-judging research, what percentage of participants never conformed on any trials? ____%, and the study focused on ____ pressure to conform.
24, situational
People with lower self-esteem are more likely to conform because they have a greater need to ____, while those with higher self-esteem tend to ____ more.
belong, resist conformity
Individuals in their ____ and ____ are more easily influenced by conformity compared to those in their 40s and 50s.
20s, 30s
Research suggests that people who identify highly with a group are more likely to conform to group norms, while those who don’t care much about the group are more likely to ____ and ____.
resist, be independent
The impact of person variables on conformity is generally found to be ____ than the influence of situational variables, such as the number and ____ of the majority.
smaller, unanimity
People prefer an optimal balance between being similar to and different from others, which can lead to expressing individuality when feeling too ____ and seeking acceptance when feeling too ____.
similar, different
Research has shown that a strong need for ____ from others can lead to increased conformity, while a need for ____ can lead to resistance.
approval, uniqueness
Meta-analyses of conformity and leadership have been conducted to draw conclusions about differences in conformity between ____ and ____.
men, women
In studies of conformity, the differences between men and women are influenced by the ____ and ____ of the situation.
social situation, gender differences
Men are generally more concerned with ____ and ____ status, while women focus on connecting with others.
high, appearing
When being observed, men are likely to act independently and ____ to conform, while women are more likely to ____ to prevent social disagreement.
refuse, conform
The observed gender differences in conformity can be explained by socialization and ____ factors, with men resisting conformity to show they are ____ mates.
evolutionary, good
Both men and women are less likely to conform on topics they are ____ about, compared to those they feel ____ about.
knowledgeable, less knowledgeable
In discussions about sports, women tend to ____ to men, while in fashion discussions, men are more likely to ____ to women.
conform, conform
The influence of romantic attraction on conformity was found to affect only ____ and not ____ in a study by Griskevicius et al.
men, women
The small differences in conformity between genders are partly due to ____ influence, especially in topics like ____ and ____.
informational, sports, fashion
In many societies, men are perceived as effective leaders due to their higher ____, while women hold only about ____ of key political positions.
status, 20%
Women are not promoted to leadership positions as quickly as men, even when their actual ____ is considered, leading to a disparity in ____ roles.
performance, leadership
In small groups, men are more likely to emerge as leaders, with dominant men leading ____% of the time compared to ____% for dominant women.
90, 35
A meta-analysis found no significant gender differences in leadership effectiveness, suggesting that women can excel over men in certain ____ and that differences may diminish over ____.
domains, time
Traditional leadership behaviors, such as showing independence, often conflict with the expected ____ roles for women, creating challenges in their ____ efforts.
social, leadership
Despite perceptions, being seen as an effective leader does not mean men are actually better leaders than ____, as studies show no overall gender differences in ____ effectiveness.
women, leadership
In many organizations, there are more men than women in high-level administrative positions, highlighting a gap in ____ opportunities between genders and the impact of ____ perceptions.
leadership, societal
In corporate life, success is often defined in ____ terms, including assertiveness and ____ behavior.
masculine, macho
Women face a ‘double-bind’ where they must adopt ____ characteristics to succeed, but may be ____ if they do.
masculine, disliked
A study showed that female CEOs were perceived as less capable and having a poorer ____ position than their male counterparts, leading to ____ investments.
strategic, less attractive
Women are more likely to adopt a ____ leadership style, using interpersonally oriented behaviors like agreeing with others and ____ participation.
transformational, encouraging
The research indicates that there is no evidence that men make better leaders than women, but men perform better on tasks that are considered ____ in nature.
masculine
To navigate the challenges in corporate leadership, women may use more ____ behaviors, such as acting friendly and encouraging ____ in decision-making.
feminine, participation
Women hold fewer than ____ of Fortune 500 chief executive positions, highlighting the gender bias in corporate leadership.
0.05
In tasks that involve creating harmonious relationships, women tend to perform ____ compared to men who may excel in ____ tasks.
better, competitive
Collectivistic cultures are generally associated with ____ levels of conformity compared to ____ cultures.
higher, individualistic
According to Bond and Smith’s analysis, conformity was found to be greater in countries that are more ____ than those that are ____ oriented.
collectivistic, individualistic
U.S. magazine advertisements emphasize ____ while Korean advertisements focus more on ____ themes.
uniqueness, conformity
The interaction between the situation and the person in social psychology is exemplified by the effects of ____ and ____ differences on conformity.
gender, cultural
Kim and Markus (1999) found that Korean ads promote ____ while U.S. ads encourage ____ in their messaging.
conformity, uniqueness
The study of conformity across cultures shows that individualistic cultures tend to promote ____ while collectivistic cultures emphasize ____.
independence, group harmony
In the context of social psychology, conformity is influenced by both individual differences and the ____ context.
social
