Alternate Hypothesis Flashcards
The alternative hypothesis is a statement that predicts the ____ or ____ in a study.
relationship, effect
The alternative hypothesis is used when a researcher selects ____ methods like observations or surveys.
non-experimental
The alternative hypothesis contrasts with the ____ hypothesis, which predicts no effect or relationship.
null
A directional hypothesis specifies the ____ of the predicted relationship or effect, while a non-directional hypothesis does not.
direction
An example of a directional hypothesis is ‘Increased screen time will lead to ____ levels of stress in adolescents.’
higher
A non-directional hypothesis indicates that a relationship exists but does not specify the ____ of that relationship.
direction
Candidates need to demonstrate an understanding of what an alternative hypothesis is and its ____ in research.
role
To differentiate between directional and non-directional hypotheses, one must understand the ____ of the predicted relationship.
direction
In an exam, candidates might be asked to identify whether the hypothesis should be one-tailed or ____ based on the context.
two-tailed
By mastering hypothesis formulation skills, candidates can effectively design hypotheses that align with various research ____ and questions.
methods
An alternative hypothesis is a statement predicting a relationship or effect between ____ in a study, contrasting the ____ hypothesis.
variables, null
An alternative hypothesis is used in research studies, especially when the research method is ____ or ____ studies.
non-experimental, correlational
The null hypothesis predicts ____ relationship or effect between variables, while the alternative hypothesis predicts the ____ of a relationship or effect.
no, existence
There are two main types of alternative hypotheses: directional (one-tailed) and ____ (two-tailed), which predicts an effect without specifying the ____.
non-directional, direction
A directional hypothesis predicts the ____ of the relationship or effect between variables, such as ‘Higher screen time ____ stress levels.’
direction, increases
An example of a directional hypothesis is ‘Students who study in the morning will perform ____ on tests than those who study at ____.’
better, night
A non-directional hypothesis states that a relationship exists but does not specify the _____. An example is ‘Screen time affects _____ levels.’
direction,stress
An example of a non-directional hypothesis is ‘There is a difference in test scores between students who study in the _____ and those who study at _____.’
morning,night
The distinction between one-tailed and two-tailed hypotheses is important because it determines how data is _____: one-tailed tests for an effect in a specific _____ and two-tailed tests for any effect.
analyzed,direction
A researcher would use a one-tailed hypothesis when there is a strong theoretical reason to predict the _____ of the effect, while a two-tailed hypothesis is used when there is _____ evidence.
direction,not enough
Candidates must demonstrate skills in relation to alternative hypotheses, including understanding the concept, distinguishing between one-tailed and two-tailed hypotheses, and writing clear, _____ hypotheses based on _____ scenarios.
precise,research
In a two-tailed hypothesis, the researcher does not have enough _____ or theory to predict the _____ of the effect.
evidence,direction
In a study about coffee, the hypothesis states that drinking coffee ____ focus and enhances ____ performance.
improves, cognitive
A non-directional hypothesis about sleep and memory suggests that there is a ____ between sleep and ____.
relationship, memory
Hypotheses in research are evaluated by collecting data and analyzing it to see if there is enough ____ to support the ____ hypothesis.
evidence, alternative
If the null hypothesis is rejected, it indicates that there is sufficient evidence to support the ____ hypothesis and not the ____ hypothesis.
alternative, null
A one-tailed hypothesis can be converted to a two-tailed hypothesis by removing the ____ prediction and stating that exercise ____ stress levels.
directional, affects
Researchers might prefer a two-tailed hypothesis to avoid ____ and to keep the study open to discovering any possible ____ effect.
bias, significant
When writing hypotheses, candidates may struggle with misidentifying if a hypothesis is ____ or non-directional and making it ____ and testable.
directional, clear
In research, misaligning the hypothesis with the research question can lead to ____ and ____ outcomes.
inaccurate, misleading
A one-tailed hypothesis for a study on teaching methods might state that ____ increases ____ among students.
using a new teaching method, student motivation
When formulating a hypothesis, it is crucial to ensure it aligns with the ____ and ____ of the study.
research question, method
An example of a one-tailed hypothesis is that a new teaching method will ____ student motivation compared to ____ methods.
increase, traditional
Misalignment in research can occur when the hypothesis does not match the ____ or ____ used in the study.
research question, methodology
