QUANTITATIVE Flashcards
Aspirin and NSAIDs - Aspirin
acetylate the cyclooxygenase enzyme
add one compound to the enzyme making it non functional
acetylase
Cyclooxygenase enzyme secretes
Thromboxane and Prostaglandin
CoX 2 inhibitor
Naproxen and Ibuprofen
Ticlopidine and Clopidogrel
Antiplatelet medication
prevent blood clots inside the blood vessel by preventing plt aggregation
Antiplatelet medication
prevent blood clots inside the blood vessel by preventing plt aggregation
Antiplatelet medication
administered to enhance fibrinolysis
Dextran
SIGNIFICANT PLT COUNT AND INTERPRETATION
Significant plt levels (plt count and clinical manifestation) ● <100,000/ul - abnormally low
● 30,000-50,000/ul- bleeding possible
● <30,000- spontaneous bleeding
● <5,000/ul- severe spontaneous bleeding
Thrombocytopenia
possible bleeding anytime for the patient
● Decreased in circulating platelet
● Less than 100,000/uL
Thrombocytosis
significant with other manifestations
● Hall Mark for myeloproliferative diseases
● Increase in circulating plt
● More than 450,000/uL
THROMBOCYTOPENIA
- Decrease production
- Blood transfusion
- Increased destruction/consumption
- Splenic sequestration
- Large platelet, dohle like bodies (20 um)
- Mutation in MYH9 gene: encodes for the myosin heavy chain: which affects plt activation
MAY HEGGLIN ANOMALY
- Large platelet, dohle like bodies (20 um)
- Mutation in MYH9 gene: encodes for the myosin heavy chain: which affects plt activation
MAY HEGGLIN ANOMALY
- Absence/ hypoplasia in radial bones
TAR SYNDROME
- Bone and visceral organ abnormalities
- pancytopenia
- Neonates
FANCONI ANEMIA
- Small platelets
- Absence of megakaryocytes
(chlorthiazide, tolbutamide) - directly affect the fetal BM megakaryocyte
- 72 hours of birth : mothers pregnancy or baby’s delivery was exposed to TORCH infection
- TORCH- Toxoplasma Rubella CMV HIV-HERPES
- There is a case that the megakaryocyte is absent
NEONATAL THROMBOCYTOPENIA
Low plt
BSS
- Dense granules
- Small plt
WISKOTT ALDRICH
for HIV treatment
Zidovudine
treatment for thrombocytosis:
Anagrelide
long term consumption of ethanol will be subjected to thrombocytopenia.
Ethanol
restoring plts due to chemotherapy to stimulate BM to reproduce more megakaryocyte.
Recombinant IL2
Donor
lost of platelet containing blood product
Recipient
May have alloantibodies directed against the antigens of blood products
TTP- thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Deficiency disintegrate + ADAMTS 13- gene that produces enzyme that controls vWF (uncontrolled very large)
Disease TRIAD: MHA thrombocytopenia and neurologic abnormality Moschowitz syndrome
TTP- thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
DIC- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Plt are trapped in fibrin clotsbecause of simultaneous coagulation
DIC- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Acute onset with plt consumption, Factor V,VIII and fibrinogen reduced level
Life threatening
-vWF involvement
HUS- Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- No apparent cause
- Presence of anti-platelet AB (IgG)
- Anti-plt antibodies destroys GpIIbIIIa
- Remove to the circulation by the reticuloendothelial cells
ITP - idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura renamed to immune TP
HIT- Heparin Induced thrombocytopenia
- Develops IgG antibody specific for heparin plt factor 4 complex
- Due to unfractioned heparin administration
- Heparin helps plt factor IV for aggregation
Acute: 1-3 weeks infection from mumps, chicken pox, measles (viral infection) Ag binds to AB = immune complex- plt GpIIBIIIa abrupt onset, usually on children.
Characterized by bruising, petechiae and epistaxis
Chronic: any age onset
Characterized by: menorrhagia, epistaxis and bruising
Splenic sequestration
- ⅓ of plt sequestered on spleen
true thrombocytosis
- Has unregulated plt production and has variable size
- More than 450,000/uL
- Hallmark of myeloproliferative disorders : polycythemia Vera, chronic myelofibrosis. (Can exceed 1M/uL or go as High as 2M/uL
- Essential thrombocythemia
Primary thrombocytosis
true thrombocytosis
- Has unregulated plt production and has variable size
- More than 450,000/uL
- Hallmark of myeloproliferative disorders : polycythemia Vera, chronic myelofibrosis. (Can exceed 1M/uL or go as High as 2M/uL
- Essential thrombocythemia
Primary thrombocytosis
Compensate the loss plt due to trauma
- Does not exceed 800,000/uL
- Secondary to inflammation and trauma (childbirth, splenectomy,IDA)
- Betterment of body
- Normal plt morphology
- Variable sizes
- Plt function normally because they could respond to normal stimuli or regulatory stimuli.
Secondary/ Reactive thrombocytosis
