Qualitative Design and Sampling Flashcards
Participant
“subject” in quantitative studies. makes person in study feel like a partner instead of a guinea pig.
Key informants
person who is in pivotal position to give you the info you need. broad background. lived the experience. not always most important or most educated.
purposive sampling
not random. nonprobability sampling method used in qualitative studies to select a distinct group of individuals that either have lived the experience or have expertise in the event or experience being studied.
snowball sampling
recruitment of participants based on word of mouth or referrals from other participants
participant observation
method of collecting data. role of the researcher in qualitative methods when the researcher is not merely an observer but also a participant during data collection.
redundancy
data is saturated. stop collecting at this point
bracketing
a strategy used by qualitative researchers to set aside person interpretations to avoid bias
gatekeeper
person you need to go through to gain access to a site. very people oriented. pay attention to when you have worn out your welcome.
Qualitative Research
What is it?
Research that is directed from a naturalistic paradigm.
Wholistic in nature—tries to capture the whole human experience.
Does not reduce human situation to numbers.
Remains objective and systematic although the process is different than in quantitative studies.
Relies predominantly on conversation and observation to derive data.
Qualitative Research
When is it used in nursing?
Focus on psychosocial issues
Explore, describe, and explain human situations that affect health.
Interpret the meaning of situations on health related issues.
Analyze the complex processes involved in health related issues.
Illustrate previously discovered findings.
Examples:
In terms of purpose of qualitative research
To explore the perception of pain by elderly osteoarthritis patients.
To describe the impact of kidney dialysis on family dynamics.
To explain the origins of “cultural competence” as a required nursing competency.
To interpret the role of depression in adolescent alcohol usage.
To analyze the patterns involved in critical thinking by expert nurses. (how did “they” learn to think that way)
To illustrate the consequences of social network deprivation on family coping.
The Method:
General Process of Qualitative research
Inductive Logic:
examine many specific cases to come find the common thread.
The Method:
General Process of qualitative research
Emergent:
the stories reveal the common threads as data collection progresses.
The Method” General Process of qualitative research
Creative:
while a method is pre-determined, minor changes of direction and tactics can be made to follow-up on potentially fruitful avenues.
General Procedures
Appropriate to purpose (Design, Analysis plan)
Site issues
Interview/observation tools (typical problem with this method is you end up with a huge amount of information)
Analysis issues
Reporting issues
Field Work
The process of obtaining information in a qualitative study.
Most closely associated with ethnographic methods although similar methods are used in many qualitative research traditions.
Separates the researcher’s perspective (etic view) from the participant’s perspective (emic view).
Involves participant observation.
Dimensions of field work
Space
the physical environment or place
Dimensions of field work
Objects
the physical things that are present in the environment.
Dimensions of field work
Feeling
emotions felt and expressed by participants
Dimensions of field work
Actors
the people involved
Dimensions of field work
Acts
single actions people do
Dimensions of field work
Activities
a set of related acts people do
Dimensions of field work
Events
: the set of related activities people carry out
Dimensions of field work
Goals
things people are trying to accomplish
