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NUR3300 > Chapter 12 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

alpha level

A

probability of making a type I error; typically designated as 0.05 or 0.01 at the end of the tail in a distribution

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2
Q

amodal

A

a data set that does not have a mode

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3
Q

analysis of variance

A

(ANOVA) an inferential statistical test used when the level of measurement is interval or ratio and more than two groups are being compared

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4
Q

bimodal

A

a data set with two modes

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5
Q

bivariate analysis

A

the use of statistics to describe the relationship between two variables

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6
Q

Chi square

A

a common statistic used to analyze nominal and ordinal data to find differences between groups

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7
Q

coefficient of variation

A

a percentage used to compare standard deviations when the units of measure are different or when the means of the distributions being compared are far apart

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8
Q

confidence intervals

A

ranges established around means that estimate the probability of being correct

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9
Q

correlation coefficients

A

an estimate, ranging from 0.00 to +1.00, that indicates the reliability of an instrument; a statistic used to describe the relationship between two variables

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10
Q

degrees of freedom

A

a statistical concept used to refer to the number of sample values that are free to vary

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11
Q

descriptive statistics

A

collection and presentation of data that explain characteristics of variables

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12
Q

direction

A

the way two variables convary

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13
Q

heterogeneous

A

the degree to which elements are diverse or not alike

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14
Q

homogeneous

A

elements that share many common characteristics

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15
Q

independent t test

A

a variation of the t test used when data values vary independently from one another

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16
Q

inferential statistics

A

analysis of data as the basis for prediction related to the phenomenon of interest

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17
Q

kurtosis

A

the peakedness or flatness of a distribution of data

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18
Q

magnititude

A

the magnitude of the relationship existing between two variables

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19
Q

mean

A

the mathematical average calculated by adding all of the data values and then dividing by the total number of values

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20
Q

measures of central tendency

A

measures (e.g. mean, median, mode) that provide information about the typical case

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21
Q

measures of variability

A

measures providing information about how different data are within a set; measures of dispersion

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22
Q

median

A

the point at the center of a data set

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23
Q

modality

A

the number of modes found in a data distribution

24
Q

mode

A

the most frequently occurring value in a data set

25
Q

multiple regression

A

an inferential statistical test used to describe the relationship of three or more variables

26
Q

negatively skewed

A

a distribution when the mean is less than the median and the mode; the longer tail is pointing to the left

27
Q

nonparametric

A

inferential statistics involving nominal or ordinal level data to infer to the population

28
Q

nonsignificant

A

when critical values fall within three standard deviations of the mean; findings do not support the research hypothesis, findings that support the null hypothesis

29
Q

normal distribution

A

a representation of data having a distinctive bell-shaped curve and is symmetric about the mean

30
Q

parametric

A

inferential statistical tests involving interval- or ratio-level data to infer to the population

31
Q

pearson’s r

A

an inferential statistic used when two variables are measured at the interval or ration level; Pearson product–moment correlation

32
Q

percentage distributions

A

descriptive statistic used to group data to make results more comprehensible

33
Q

percentile

A

a measure or rank representing the percentage of cases that a given value exceeds

34
Q

population parameters

A

characteristics of a population inferred from characteristics of a sample

35
Q

position of the median

A

calculated by using the formula (n+1)/2, where n is the number or data values in the set

36
Q

positively skewed

A

a distribution in which the mean is greater than the median and the mode; longer tail is pointing to the right

37
Q

probability

A

likelihood or chance that an event will occur in a situation

38
Q

range

A

the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a data set

39
Q

sample statistics

A

numerical data describing characteristics of the sample

40
Q

sampling distribution

A

a theoretical distribution representing an infinite number of samples that can be drawn from a population

41
Q

sampling error

A

error resulting when elements in the sample do not adequately represent the population

42
Q

semiquartile range

A

the range of the middle 50% of the data

43
Q

skewed

A

an asymmetrical distribution of data

44
Q

standard deviation

A

a measure of variability used to determine the number of data values falling within a specific interval in a normal distribution

45
Q

statistically significant

A

when critical values fall in the tails of normal distributions; when findings did not happen by chance

46
Q

statistics

A

describes the numerical outcomes and probabilities derived from calculations on raw data

47
Q

Statistics

A

describes the branch of mathematics that collects, analyzes, interprets, and presents numerical data in terms of samples and populations

48
Q

t statistic

A

inferential statistical test to determine if a statistically significant difference between the groups exists

49
Q

tailedness

A

the degree to which a tail in a distribution is pulled to the left or to the right

50
Q

type I error

A

occurs when the researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it should have been accepted

51
Q

type II error

A

occurs when researchers inaccurately conclude that there is no relationship between the independent and dependent variables when an actual relationship does exist

52
Q

unimodal

A

a data set with one mode such as a normal distribution

53
Q

univariate analysis

A

the use of statistical tests to provide information about one variable

54
Q

z scores

A

standardized units used to compare data gathered using different measurement scales

55
Q

rule of 68-95-99.7

A

Rule stating that for every sample 68% of the data will fall within one standard deviation of the mean; 95% will fall within two standard deviations of the mean; 99.7% of the data will fall within three standard deviations of the mean

56
Q

correlated t test

A

a variation of the t test used when there is only one group or when the groups are related; paired t test

NUR3300 (20 decks)

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