Chapter 10 Vocab Flashcards
Accessible population
group to which the researcher has reasonable access
Anonymity
concealing the identity of subjects, even from the researcher
assent
permission given to children to participate in research
attrition rate
loss of subjects before a study is completed
cluster sampling
selecting elements from larger to smaller subsets of an accessible population
coercion
threat of harm or offer of reward to force an individual to participate in a study
confidentiality
protection of subjects’ identities from everyone except the researcher
convenience sampling
elements are selected because they are easy to access
data saturation
when no new information is being obtained and information is repetitive
effect size
estimate of how large a difference will be observed between groups
elements
basic unit of the population such as individuals, events, experiences, or behaviors
exclusion criteria
characteristics of elements that will not be included in the sample
heterogeneous
degree to which elements are diverse or not alike
homogeneity
degree to which elements are similar or homogeneous
inclusion criteria
characteristics that each element must possess to be included in the sample
informed consent
an ethical practice requiring researchers to obtain voluntary participation by subjects after they have been informed of possible risks and benefits
nonprobability sampling
method that does not require random selection of elements
population
the entire group of elements that meet study inclusion criteria
power analysis
statistical method to determine the sample size that will best detect the effect of the independent variable
probability sampling
elements from the accessible population have an equal chance of being selected for study
purposive sampling
individuals either have lived the experience or have expertise in the event or experience being studied
quota sampling
selection of elements from an accessible population that has been divided into groups
randomization
the selection, assignment or arrangement of elements by chance
representativeness
degree to which elements of the sample are like elements in the population
sample
a select group of subjects that is representative of all eligible subjects
sampling bias
elements of a sample over- or under-represent characteristics of the target population
sampling error
error resulting when elements in the sample do not adequately represent the population
sampling frame
a list of all possible elements in the accessible population
sampling interval
interval between each element selected when using systematic random sampling
sampling plan
plan to determine how the sample will be selected and recruited
significance level
the alpha level established before the beginning of a study
simple random sampling
randomly selecting elements from the accessible population
snowball sampling
recruitment of participants based on referrals from other participants
stratified random sampling
selecting elements from an accessible population that has been divided into strata
subjects
individuals who participate in studies
systematic random sampling
selecting every Kth element in the sampling frame
target population
all elements that meet the study inclusion criteria
theoretical sampling
nonprobability sampling method used in grounded theory to collect data from an initial group of participants
vulnerable population
special groups needing protection because of their limited ability to provide informed consent or risk for coercion
