Chapter 10 Vocab

Question 1

Accessible population

Answer 1

group to which the researcher has reasonable access

Question 2

Anonymity

Answer 2

concealing the identity of subjects, even from the researcher

Question 3

assent

Answer 3

permission given to children to participate in research

Question 4

attrition rate

Answer 4

loss of subjects before a study is completed

Question 5

cluster sampling

Answer 5

selecting elements from larger to smaller subsets of an accessible population

Question 6

coercion

Answer 6

threat of harm or offer of reward to force an individual to participate in a study

Question 7

confidentiality

Answer 7

protection of subjects’ identities from everyone except the researcher

Question 8

convenience sampling

Answer 8

elements are selected because they are easy to access

Question 9

data saturation

Answer 9

when no new information is being obtained and information is repetitive

Question 10

effect size

Answer 10

estimate of how large a difference will be observed between groups

Question 11

elements

Answer 11

basic unit of the population such as individuals, events, experiences, or behaviors

Question 12

exclusion criteria

Answer 12

characteristics of elements that will not be included in the sample

Question 13

heterogeneous

Answer 13

degree to which elements are diverse or not alike

Question 14

homogeneity

Answer 14

degree to which elements are similar or homogeneous

Question 15

inclusion criteria

Answer 15

characteristics that each element must possess to be included in the sample

Question 16

informed consent

Answer 16

an ethical practice requiring researchers to obtain voluntary participation by subjects after they have been informed of possible risks and benefits

Question 17

nonprobability sampling

Answer 17

method that does not require random selection of elements

Question 18

population

Answer 18

the entire group of elements that meet study inclusion criteria

Question 19

power analysis

Answer 19

statistical method to determine the sample size that will best detect the effect of the independent variable

Question 20

probability sampling

Answer 20

elements from the accessible population have an equal chance of being selected for study

Question 21

purposive sampling

Answer 21

individuals either have lived the experience or have expertise in the event or experience being studied

Question 22

quota sampling

Answer 22

selection of elements from an accessible population that has been divided into groups

Question 23

randomization

Answer 23

the selection, assignment or arrangement of elements by chance

Question 24

representativeness

Answer 24

degree to which elements of the sample are like elements in the population

Question 25

sample

Answer 25

a select group of subjects that is representative of all eligible subjects

Question 26

sampling bias

Answer 26

elements of a sample over- or under-represent characteristics of the target population

Question 27

sampling error

Answer 27

error resulting when elements in the sample do not adequately represent the population

Question 28

sampling frame

Answer 28

a list of all possible elements in the accessible population

Question 29

sampling interval

Answer 29

interval between each element selected when using systematic random sampling

Question 30

sampling plan

Answer 30

plan to determine how the sample will be selected and recruited

Question 31

significance level

Answer 31

the alpha level established before the beginning of a study

Question 32

simple random sampling

Answer 32

randomly selecting elements from the accessible population

Question 33

snowball sampling

Answer 33

recruitment of participants based on referrals from other participants

Question 34

stratified random sampling

Answer 34

selecting elements from an accessible population that has been divided into strata

Question 35

subjects

Answer 35

individuals who participate in studies

Question 36

systematic random sampling

Answer 36

selecting every Kth element in the sampling frame

Question 37

target population

Answer 37

all elements that meet the study inclusion criteria

Question 38

theoretical sampling

Answer 38

nonprobability sampling method used in grounded theory to collect data from an initial group of participants

Question 39

vulnerable population

Answer 39

special groups needing protection because of their limited ability to provide informed consent or risk for coercion