QTS cards - Neuro

Question 1

pilocarpine

carbachol

Answer 1

direct cholnomimetics

INC outflow of aqueous humor

Question 2

latANOprost

Answer 2

prostaglandins

INC outflow of aqueous humor

Question 3

Opiods

diphenoxylate, LOPERAMIDE

Answer 3

pinpoint pupil
tolerance does NOT develop to mitosis and constipation

AE - contraction own smooth muscle –> biliary colic
diarrhea

Question 4

ethoSUXimide

Answer 4

sucks to have silent (absence) seizures

MOA: Dec calcium current in thalamic neurons

Question 5

benzodiazepines AE

diaZEpam, loraZEpam

Answer 5

Zedation, confusion

Inc t1/2 in elderly - iNC toxicity

Question 6

phenytoin

Answer 6

status epilepticus

MOA - inc NA channel inactivation (dec Na current in cortical neurons)

given IV with lorazepam

AE: gingival hyperplasia

Question 7

CARbAmazepine tx

Answer 7

1st line for trigeminal neuralgia
TX - seizures

AE - agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia

Question 8

VAlproIC acid

valproate

Answer 8

tx - myoclonIC seizures, bipolar disorder, absence + tonic-clonic seizures

BIPOLAR DISORDER TX

INC Na channel inactivation
inhibition GABA transaminase (INC GABA concentration)

Question 9

phenoBARBItal

Answer 9

1st one in neonates x seizures

Question 10

lamoTRIGINE AE

Answer 10

SJS - skin rash

Question 11

Barbiturates

Thiopental

Answer 11

induction of anesthesia

rapid plasma decay bc redistribution to skeletal muscle and adipose tissue

Question 12

FRENZOdiazepines MOA, AE

-am

Answer 12

INC frequency of Cl- channel opening - facilitate GABAa
DEC AP firing

confusion, anterograde amnesia, psychomotor retardation

Question 13

ATOM
Alprazolam
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Midazolam

Answer 13

short t1/2 FRENZOdiazepines

avoids AE (no fatigue, impaired judgement)

Question 14

LOT
Lorazepam
Temazepam
Oxazepam

Answer 14

FRENZOdiazepines

use in pts with liver failure

Question 15

ZZZZolpidem

Answer 15

ONbenzodiazepine hypnotics

NO dependence habit

Question 16

Halothane

Answer 16

INC lipid - INC potency
INC in blood - slow induction time

large blood/gas partition coefficient

AE - malignant hyperthermia (fever, spasms), hepatotoxic
tx - dANTROlene

Question 17

succinylcholine

Answer 17

rapid sequence intubation onset

strong Ach receptor agonist
sustained depolarization and prevents muscle contraction

Phase 1 - prolonged depolarization
phase 2 - depolarized block

AE - hyperkalemia

Question 18

Benzodiazepine tx
Lorazepam
Diazepam

Answer 18

status epileptics
Inc frequent of Cl channel - facilitate GABAa

(Enhanced postsynaptic chloride influx)

Question 19

BAclofen

Answer 19

GABA-B receptor agonist

tx - spasticity in MS

also use Tizanidine

Question 20

Bromocriptine

Pramipexole (non-ergot)

Answer 20

directly stimulates dopamine receptors

Question 21

dANTROle

Answer 21

prevents release of Ca into cytoplasm of muscle fibers

at ryanodine receptor

Question 22

CARBidopa

Answer 22

INC l-DOPA availability

inhibit DOPA deCARBoxylase
blocks L-dopa to dopa conversion (Dec AE, INC brain toxicity)

Question 23

entaCOMTpone

Answer 23

INC l-DOPA availability

inhibit COMT
prevent l-dopa degradation to 3-O-methyldopa

Question 24

SELEgiline

Answer 24

selectively inhibit MAO-B
prevent dopamine breakdown - INC dopa

parkinsons tx

Question 25

Parkinson’s TX

Answer 25

selegiline + anti-cholinergic + amantidine

then use levodopa + carbidopa

Question 26

sumatriptan

Dihydroergotamine

Answer 26

post synaptic serotonin receptor stimulation
5-HT agonists

acute migraine, cluster HA

induce prinzmetal angina