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STEP 1 > QTS cards - Microbio > Flashcards

QTS cards - Microbio Flashcards

1
Q

Fluoroquinolone

A

UTI
Inhibit DNA gyrase (topo II)

Ciprofloxacin
NOT to be taken with antacids

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2
Q

Nafcillin

A

Naf for Staph

MRSA - Nar resistant bc altered PBP

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3
Q

intrapartum Penicillin/Ampicillin

A

prophylaxis x Strep agalactiate (group B=Babies)

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4
Q

Metrodinazole

A

mild or moderate C. Diff
Guardia
trichomonas vaginitis

AE - disulfiram-like rxn

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5
Q

oral vancomycin

A

severe C. Diff

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6
Q

Fidaxomicin

A

recurrent C. Diff

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7
Q

Ceftriaxone (3rd) + Azithromycin (macrolide) or doxycycline

A

Neisseria Gonococci

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8
Q

Penicillin

A

D-Ala D-Ala

Syphilis

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9
Q

chloroquine + Primaquine

A

Malaria
add prim x P. vivax/ovale - prevent dz relapse

Mefloquinine - for resistant

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10
Q

cefepine (B-lactam)

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

continuos daily valacyclovir

A

prevent further HSV

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12
Q

palivizumab

A

RSV prevention

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13
Q

Piperacillin

A 
B-lactam
use with B-lactamase inhibitors CAST to extend spectrum to cover B-lactames producing organisms
Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
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14
Q

Cephalosporin
Penicillin
Vancomycin

A

damage cell wall

destroy organism when placed in hypotonic solution

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15
Q

Cefuroxime

A 
B lactam (2nd cepha)
 inhibit cell wall synthesis
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16
Q

aminoglycosides

A

GNATS
(Gentam, neo, Amika, Trobra, Streptomycin)

bind 30S - Inhibit protein synthesis
misreading of mRNA genetic code
block translocation

severe gram - rod

Nephro, Ototoxicity

MOR - bacterial transferase enzymes inactivate drug by acetylation phosphorylation, adenylation, methylation

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17
Q

clindamycin

A

anaerobic infection ABOVE diaphragm

aspiration pneumo, oral infections

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18
Q

Rifampin

A

MOR - mutation reduce drug binding to RNA polymerase

Prophylaxis x close contacts of N. meningitis

CYP450 inducer

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19
Q

Isoniazid

A

Dec synthesis of mycolic acid
Loose acid fastness (cannot create proper cell wall or divide)

processed by mycobacteria catalase peroxidase

M. TB

AE:
Hepatotoxic - hepatitis sx
sideroblastic anemia (INHIBIT pyridoxine phopshokinase cofactor for ALA synthase - NO heme synthesis)
Neurotoxic - supplement B6 (pyridoxine)

MOR - mutation causes under expression of bacterial catalase peroxidase (KatG)

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20
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Binds ergosterols
Toxic bc binds cholesterol

Hypotension, electrolyte imbalance bc renal tubule dysfunction (Low K, Mg), nephrotoxic, anemia, IV thrombophlebitis , arrythmia

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21
Q

nystatin

A

bind ergosterol
MOR - DEC ergosterol incorporation into cell membrane

tx - oral candidiasis

22
Q

oseltamivir

A

Dec release/impaired virus particle release

23
Q

Acyclovir

A

guanosine analog
HSV/VZV thymidine kinase
inhibit viral DNA polymerase by chain termination (incorporated into newly replicated viral DNA)

acute RF - if not very hydrated

IV - HSV 1 encephalitis

24
Q

Protease Inhibitors

NAVIR

A

HIV

AE: hyperglycemia, lipodystrophy

25
Q

enFUvirtide

A

binds p41 - inhibit viral entri /fusion (NO penetration)

26
Q

FosCARnet

A

does NOT require activation by viral kinase
binds to inhibit viral DNA/RNA polymerase, HIV reverse transcriptase

AE - nephrotoxic, electrolyte abnormal (Dec K, Dec Mg)

27
Q

Vancomycin AE

A

Nephron, Ototoxic
Thrombophlebitis

RED MAN syndrome - INC histamine release (NOT IgE) bc TOO FAST INFUSION

28
Q

Azoles

A

Anti-fungal
inhibit lipid synthesis (No demethylation of Lanosterorl to ergosterol)

inhibit CYP450

need acidic ph x absorption
(CI: omeprazole)

29
Q

tetracycline

A

bind 30s irreversibly

AE - deposits in baby bones

30
Q

Ceftriaxone

Doxycycline

A

Lyme dz - Borrelia burgdorferi

31
Q

Terbinafide

A

Inhibit squalene epoxidase

32
Q

raltEGRAvir

A

reversibly inhibit HIV integrase

- prevent viral mRNA transcription

33
Q

Azithromycin

A

prophylaxis - HIV pts CD4

34
Q

Penicillin

Cephalosporin (ceftriaxone)

A

bind irreversible to PBP to block TRANSPEPTIDASE cross-lining of peptidoglycan in cell wall

MOR - change in protein structure

35
Q

Vancomycin MOR

A

change D-ALA to D-LAC

36
Q

BENDazoles

A

TX pinworm (enterobius vermicularis)

37
Q

cidofovir

A

nucleotide
No viral kinase phosphorylation needed
TX x acyclovir resistant HSV, CMV

38
Q

EYEthambutol

A

red-green ON

RIPE

39
Q

daptomycin

A

MRSA tx

disrupts cell membrane/membrane potential

AE: myopathy, Inc CPK

40
Q

Nevirapine

Efavirenz

A

NNRTI
Inhibit synthesis of viral DNA from the RNA template.

does NOT require phosphorylation

41
Q

ganciclovir

A

CMV
inhibits viral DNA polymerase (blocks DNA chain elongation)

AE - Neutropenia (INC with bactrim, zidovudine)

42
Q

Echinocandins

FUNGIN

A

inhibit synthesis of B-glucan (inhibit cell wall synthesis)

TX - candida

43
Q

macrocodes MOA

azythromycin

A

binds 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit
interferes with amino acyl translocation

inhibit CYP 450

44
Q

Hydroxychloroquinone

A

AE - retina changes

45
Q

Linezolid

A

gram + MRSA, VRE

AE - serotonin syndrome (inhibit MAO), bone marrow suppression, peripheral neuropathy

46
Q

Ribarvirin

A

chronic hep C, RSV

inhibit duplication of viral genetic material (no guanine nucleotides synthesis)

47
Q

Rifaximin

A

Dec intraluminal ammonia production (dec GI bacteria)

48
Q

Lactulose

A

Hepatic encephalopathy

Inc conversion of ammonia to ammonium –> INC excretion

49
Q

ZidovuDINE

A

NRTIs

terminate viral DNA synthesis by inhibiting 3’ - 5’ phosphodiester bond formation

50
Q

Abacavir

A

hypersensitive reaction associated with HLA-B*57:01

STEP 1 (12 decks)

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