QTS cards - Renal

Question 1

MannitOl

Answer 1

osmotic diuretic

DEC IOP, cerebral edema

AE - pulmonary edema

Question 2

ACetazolamide

Answer 2

inhibit Carbonic Anhydrase

block HCO3 reabsorption in PT -> INC urine pH

tx - glaucoma, urine akalinization

Question 3

Loop diuretics

furosemide
bumetanide
torsemide

Answer 3

SULfonamide loop diuretics - POTENT - brisk diuresis

stimulate PGE release - vasodilatory effect on Afferent arteriole (NSAIDs inhibit)

INC CA excretion (hypocalcemia)

AE - ototoxicity, low K, dehydration, sulfa allergy, Nephritis, Gout

Question 4

Thiazide diuretics

Chlorthalidone
hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 4

inhibit NaCL reabsorption in DCT

INC CA reabsorption (low PTH)
tx - osteoporosis

AE - GLUC
low K - metabolic acidosis (weakness, cramps, rhabdomyolysis)
low Na
high Glycemic
high Lipid
high Uremia
high Calcium

Question 5

K sparing diuretics

spironolactONE
eplerenONE
tramterne
amiloride

Answer 5

ONE- aldosterone receptor antagonist in cortical CT (Dec K, H secretion)

DEC MORTALITY

tx - hyperaldoreonism, k depletion, HF

AE - hyperkalemia (ACE inhibitors inc risk - peak t-waves)

sprinolactone - gynecomastia, dec libido, impotence

Question 6

ACE inhibitors

PRILs

Answer 6

inhibit ACE –> INC AT I
Dec AT II –> prevent constriction of efferent arteriole –> INC renin

INC Bradykinin - angioedema (no in C1, C4 deficient)

Hypotension :( start with low dose
INC creatine (dec GFR, dec FF)
Hyperkalemia - bc low aldosterone

CI - renal a. stenosis bilateral

Question 7

AT II receptor antagonist

loSARTAN

Answer 7

do not increase bradykinin

Inc renin, inc AT I, AT II
dec aldosterone