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Mercy CLS 2: Microbiology > QC, Disinfection, Sterilization > Flashcards

QC, Disinfection, Sterilization Flashcards

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1
Q

IQCP

A

individualized quality control plan

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2
Q

IQCP replaces…

A

EQC (equivalent quality control) - the standardized approach

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3
Q

IQCP is based on…

A
  • assessment of the unique laboratory testing in use
  • patient populations
  • other factors (ie. internal quality checks built into new instruments)
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4
Q

IQCP is not required on —– tests

A

waived

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5
Q

3 parts of IQCP

A
  1. Risk assessment
  2. Quality control plan
  3. Quality control assessment
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6
Q

5 things IDd in risk assessment phase of IQCP

A
  • how frequently they may occur
  • how likely it is they will be detected
  • potential severity for patient
  • risk prevention/mitigation
  • acceptability of residual risk
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7
Q

QCP must include…

A

numer, type and frequency of QC testing, and acceptable criteria

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8
Q

not eligible to use IQCP

A

pathology, histology, cytology

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9
Q

IQCP may result in less stringent QC than the standardized method because…

A

it is risk-based

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10
Q

used to document elements of risk analysis

A

Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) table

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11
Q

2 quality management tools focusing on the pre- and post-analytical phases

A

Q-probes
Q-tracks

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12
Q

provides a series of cross-sectional quality assurance studies with peer evaluations

A

Q-probes

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13
Q

provides continuous quality monitors for tracking changes over time

A

Q-tracks

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14
Q

most variation and highest proportion of errors

A

preanalytical phase

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15
Q

average time to detect a persistent error

A

1/2 of the time between control analyses

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16
Q

magnitude of total error that can be tolerated without invalidating the medical usefulness of the result

A

maximum allowable error (MAE)

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17
Q

control procedure that uses patient data

A

average of patient (AOP) data

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18
Q

usefulness of mercurials

A
  • toxic, not recommended
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19
Q

usefulness of quaternary ammonium compounds

A
  • active against bacteria, lipid viruses
  • inactive against spores
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20
Q

usefulness of phenolic compounds

A
  • active against bacteria, Mycobacterium, fungi, lipid viruses
  • less effective against spores
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21
Q

usefulness of chlorine compounds

A
  • active against bacteria, viruses, spores
  • corrosive to metals
  • must be made fresh
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22
Q

usefulness of iodophores

A
  • active against vegetative bacteria and viruses
  • not active against spores
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23
Q

usefulness of alcohols

A
  • general use disinfectant
  • not active against spores
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24
Q

usefulness of formaldehyde

A
  • active against bacteria, spores, viruses
  • irritating odor, carcinogenic
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24
Q

usefulness of activated glutaraldehyde

A
  • toxic, potential damage to eyes
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25
Q

usefulness of formaldehyde-alcohol

A
  • active against bacteria, spores, viruses
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26
Q

agents useful against spores

A
  • chlorine compounds
  • formaldehye solutions
  • formaldehyde-alcohol
27
Q

methods of sterilization

A
  • gas
  • dry heat
  • chemical
  • steam (autoclave)
  • filtration
  • radiation
28
Q

used to sterilize items that are easily corroded, such as cutting instruments, and requires longer exposure time

A

dry heat sterilization

29
Q

takes hours to sterilize; mainly used for wheelchairs and beds

A

gas sterilization

30
Q

gases used for sterilization

A
  • ethylene oxide
  • paraformaldehyde
31
Q

used when a material cannot be autoclaved; uses the same agents as disinfection with longer exposure times

A

chemical sterilization

32
Q

autoclave conditions

A

15 PSI (1 atm)
15 minutes
121° C

33
Q

useful as a sterilization indicator

A

Bacillus or Geobacillus spores

34
Q

most frequent reason for autoclave failing

A

lack of contact between steam and microorganisms

35
Q

disinfection

A

a process that eliminates a defined scope of microbes, including some spores

36
Q

antiseptics are applied to ——– and do not kill ——–

A

the skin
spores

37
Q

factors that influence the degree of killing microbes

A
  • types of organisms
  • number of organisms
  • concentration of disinfecting agent
  • presence of organic material
  • nature of surface
  • contact time
  • temp
  • pH
  • biofilms
  • compatibility of disinfectants and sterilants
38
Q

why is steam sterilization effective?

A

heat in water is transferred more readily to a cool body than heat in air

39
Q

commonly used to sterilize glassware and oils

A

dry heat

40
Q

2 methods that achieve disinfection but not sterilization and do not eliminate spores

A

boiling
pasteurization

41
Q

pasteurization conditions

A

72° C
15 seconds

42
Q

most microbes are retained by a pore size of…

A

0.45 - 0.80 um

43
Q

pore size for critical sterilization

A

0.22 um

Pseudomonas can pass through other pores

44
Q

HEPA

A

high efficiency particulate air

45
Q

HEPA is able to remove microbes larger than…

A

0.3 um

46
Q

2 forms of radiation

A

ionizing (used to sterilize disposable supplies)
nonionizing

47
Q

all disinfectants regulated by…
sterilizers regulated by…

A

EPA
FDA

48
Q

4 means by which chemical agents kill microbes

A
  • react with components of membrane
  • denaturation of proteins
  • reaction with thiol (-SH) groups of enzymes
  • damage of DNA/RNA
49
Q

denature proteins; make lipids soluble

A

alcohols

50
Q

react with NH2, SH, and COOH groups

A

aldehydes

51
Q

inactivate proteins

A

tincture of iodine

52
Q

reacts with water to form HClO; oxidizer

A

chlorine

53
Q

precipitates proteins

A

silver nitrate

54
Q

reacts with -SH; lyses membranes

A

mercuric chloride

55
Q

disrupts cell membranes

A

detergents (quaternary ammonium compounds)

56
Q

aklylating agent

A

ethylene oxide

57
Q

sterilize bio-hazardous waste

A

autoclave if heat stable

58
Q

sterilize media, liquids, instruments

A

autoclave

59
Q

sterilize disposable supplies

A

ionizing radiation

60
Q

sterilize antibiotics, vaccines, carbohydrates

A

filtration

61
Q

sterilize glassware, oil

A

dry heat

62
Q

critical materials

A

invade sterile tissues or enter vascular system

63
Q

semicritical materials

A

come into contact with mucous membranes

64
Q

noncritical materials

A

come into contact with skin

65
Q

autoclave factors that must be monitored

A

sterilization indicators
culture tests
time, pressure, temp

Mercy CLS 2: Microbiology (16 decks)

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