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Mercy CLS 2: Microbiology > Chlamydia & Mycoplasma > Flashcards

Chlamydia & Mycoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

obligate intracellular organism

A

requires the biochemical resources of a eukaryotic host cell for growth and replication

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2
Q

common host cells for Chlamydia

A

Non-ciliated, columnar or transitional epithelial cells

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3
Q

Chlamydia life forms

A
  1. Elementary body - infectious; extracellular; metabolically inert; resembles GNR
  2. Reticulate body - noninfectious; intracellular; resembles spore
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4
Q

trachoma

A

chronic eye infection with Chlamydia

Number one cause of preventable blindness

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5
Q

precursor to trachoma

follicular conjunctivitis
Chronic inflammation causes…

A

Eyelid to turn inward

Continual abrasion to the cornea from the eyelashes
Scarring and ulceration of the cornea
Secondary infection and blindness

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6
Q

Begins as a lesion that becomes enlarged groin lymph nodes (bubo) leading to draining sinuses, genital hyperplasia and rectal fistulas/strictures

A

Lymphogranuloma Venereum

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7
Q

Lymphogranuloma Venereum seen primarily in…

A

Africa, Asia, and South America

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8
Q

Most common sexually transmitted infection in U.S.

A

chlamydia

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9
Q

Chlamydia in mother causes ———– in infant

A

conjunctivitis, nasopharyngeal infection and pneumonia

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10
Q

Infants receive prophylactic eye drops (———–) at birth to prevent eye infections due to C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae

A

erythromycin

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11
Q

sample for Chlamydia ID

A

Collect infected epithelial cells from genitourinary tract, urethra, or conjunctiva

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12
Q

specimens of choice for Chlamydia

A

Urethral and endocervical cells

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13
Q

With Chlamydia culture, must keep viable by….

A

refrigerating specimens and limiting transport time

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14
Q

Advantage - immediate determination if columnar epithelial cells are present

A

Direct fluorescent antibody for genital tract Chlamydia specimens

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15
Q

Considered the gold standard for detection of C. trachomatis until the development of nucleic acid amplification tests

A

cell culture – McCoy cell line with cyclohexamide

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16
Q

Chlamydia cell culture has 80% sensitivity due to…

A

issues with inherent technical complexities

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17
Q

Enzyme immunoassay is based on monoclonal antibodies to Chlaymidia’s…

A

LPS

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18
Q

Positive result is only preliminary due to potential for false-positive results

A

Chlamydia immunoassay

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19
Q

Not used to test for Chlamydia in urine or vaginal swabs

A

immunoassay

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20
Q

NAAT for Chlamydia not approved for…

A

conjunctival, oropharyngeal and rectal specimens

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21
Q

Used to tx Chlamydia

A

Need antibiotics that can penetrate cells such as erythromycin, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones

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22
Q

bird pathogen

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

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23
Q

Pneumonia
Severe h/a
Mental status changes
Hepatosplenomegaly

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

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24
Q

dx is based on serology
1:32 titer indicates acute illness

A

C. psittaci

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25
C. psittaci BSL
BSL 3
26
C. psittaci tx
tetracycline
27
C. psittaci fatal in -----% untreated cases
20
28
Pneumonia Bronchitis Pharyngitis Sinusitis 90% cases asymptomatic
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
29
dx based on PCR sputum NOT an ideal specimen
Chlamydophila pneumoniae
30
Chlamydophila pneumoniae tx
tetracycline erythromycin
31
Smallest known free-living forms (0.3 x 0.8 μm) no cell wall
Mycoplasma Ureaplasma
32
Small colonies embedded in solid media
Mycoplasma Ureaplasma
33
require sterols and fatty acids
Mycoplasma Ureaplasma
34
Infections can occur singly or as outbreaks in closed populations such as families or dormitories - more common in young adults
M. pneumoniae CA pneumonia
35
walking pneumonia; individual does not feel well but not sick enough to stay home
M. pneumoniae
36
At/post puberty colonization occurs primarily through sexual contact Can cause PID, BV, urethritis, prostatitis, amnionitis.
M. hominis U. urealyticum
37
Indicated in chorioamnionitis, early spontaneous abortions and premature deliveries.
M. hominis U. urealyticum
38
Can dry out very quickly, need prompt transport Avoid cotton swabs with wooden sticks
Mycoplasmas
39
Mycoplasma specimens
body fluids, tissue, swab of throat, nasopharynx, urethra, cervix/vaginal, tracheal aspirate, and placenta
40
Media contains beef/soybean protein (sterols) SP4, Shepard 10B broth or 2SP
Mycoplasmas
41
M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium require -------- and can take 21 days to appear M. hominis requires -------- and appear in 2 to 4 days U. urealyticum requires ------- and appear in 2 to 4 days
glucose arginine urea
42
Production of ... after overnight incubation of a urogenital specimen suggests U. urealyticum
an alkaline reaction in media with urea
43
On subculture, extremely small colonies which require stereomicroscope to see Look like a bird's nest
Ureaplasma
44
Alkaline reaction in media with -------- within 24 to 72 hours is likely M. hominis
arginine
45
fried egg colony; light edge, dark center
M. hominis
46
infections are usually self limited and don’t require treatment
M. pneumoniae
47
Sensi testing reference lab usually recommended for significant infections
M. hominis
48
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma intrinsically R to B-lactams because
they don't have a cell wall
49
Maybe more prevalent than Neisseria gonorrhoeae Association with HIV infection
M. genitalum
50
Treatment of choice is azithromycin but developing increasing resistance Moxifloxacin can also be used
M. genitalum
51
Multiply by binary fission in cytoplasm of host cells Release of mature organism causes lysis of host cells
Rickettsiaceae
52
Rickettsiaceae
Rickettsia Ehrlichia Anaplasma
53
Cannot be grown on cell-free media but have been grown in the **yolk sac of embryonated eggs** and several cell lines
Rickettsiaceae
54
Tick, mite, louse, flea or other insects
Rickettsia
55
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma are transmitted by...
ticks
56
3 groups of Rickettsial diseas
spotted fever typhus scrub typhus
57
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever - most severe of rickettsial infections
Rickettsia rickettsii
58
Murine Typhus
Rickettsia typhi
59
Rickettsial Pox
Rickettsia akari
60
Epidemic Typhus
Rickettsia prowazekii
61
induce vasculitis in internal organs, including brain, heart, lungs and kidneys Pneumonitis, CNS manifestations, Myocarditis, DIC, low blood volume and hypotension
R. rickettsii
62
triad of RMSF sx
Headache, fever, spotted centripetal rash (due to vascular damage)
63
Potential bioterrorism organism due to low dose aerosols
R. rickettsii
64
Rumpel-Leede phenomenon
petechiae after blood pressure taken RMSF
65
Only performed in a few specialized labs using embryonated eggs and tissue culture.
R. rickettsii culture
66
Collect blood, in heparin vials, and skin biopsies for culture early in disease process
RMSF
67
Upon entry into WBCs, develop in morulae (mulberry-like bodies).
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
68
infects monocytes and causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME).
E. chaffeensis
69
infects neutrophils causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis.
A. phagocytophilum
70
Rickettsial disease tx
doxycycline or another tetracycline antibiotic
71
Causes Q (query) fever
Coxiella burnettii
72
Most common reservoirs are cattle, sheep and goats
Coxiella burnettii
73
Required to be reported within 7 days and either destroyed or transferred to lab registered to possess agent Potential for use as a bioweapon
Coxiella burnettii
74
Shell vial assay with human lung fibroblasts
Coxiella burnettii
75
Coxiella burnettii culture
can be done in cell-free media but discouraged because lab worker infections can occur BSL 3 required

Mercy CLS 2: Microbiology (16 decks)

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