4. Haemophilus Flashcards by Samantha Boyer

HINF is normal in —– and pathogenic in ——

upper resp tract
lower resp tract

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HINF clinical significance (8)

meningitis (<6 yo)
sinusitis
otitis media
pneumonia
bronchitis
epiglottitis
pinkeye
systemic infection

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HINF CO2 requirement

3-5% CO2

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distingushed from Haemophilus species by the fact that it grows on SBA

A. aphrophilus

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HINF ALA

negative

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HINF quad results

X - neg
V - neg
XV - pos
HBA - no hemolysis

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Haemophilus species with a B-lactamase

HINF
HAEG

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HINF has developed —— resistance through CAT enzyme

chloramphenicol

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used to tx HINF

ceftriaxone
cefotaxime

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HAEG clinical significance (3)

conjunctivitis
Brazilian purpuric fever
pinkeye

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HAEG can take —– days to grow

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HAEG ALA

negative

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HAEG quad results

X - neg
V - neg
XV - pos
HBA - no hemolysis

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HHAEM ALA

negative

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HHAEM quad results

X- neg
V - neg
XV - pos
HBA - hemolysis

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HPINF normal location

oropharynx
URT

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HPINF clinical significance

endocarditis
epiglottitis
sinusitis
otitis media
bronchitis

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HPINF ALA

positive

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HPINF quad results

X - neg
V - pos
XV - pos
HBA - no hemolysis

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Is HPINF or HPHAEM more common in the URT as normal flora?

HPINF

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HPHAEM is a rare cause of…

endocarditis

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HPHAEM ALA

positive

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HPHAEM quad results

X - neg
V - pos
XV - pos
HBA - hemolysis

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Haemophilus species whose presence is always pathogenic

H. ducreyi

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Haemophilus GS

GNCB pleiomorphic

unique HDUC arrangement

school of fish

HDUC incubation requirement

5-7% CO2 up to 10 days

HDUC ALA

Negative -- but not respiratory so you shouldn't do it. Could mis-ID as HINF or HHAEM.

HDUC quad results

X - pos V - neg XV - pos HBA - no hemolysis

AAPH normal flora site

mouth

AAPH clinical signifcance

endocarditis after break in oral mucosa, oral piercing, etc

AAPH CO2 requirement

5-10% CO2

AAPH ALA

Positive -- but not respiratory so you shouldn't do it. Could mis-ID as HPHAEM or HPINF.

about ---% of HINF meningitis cases are GS CSF positive

factor X name

hemin

factor V name

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

which factors does AAPH require?

Only factor X, and only on initial isolation.

which factor can diffuse from intact RBCs, and which is only present after lysis

Factor X can diffuse (SBA and CHOC) Factor V available after lysis (CHOC)

3 ways bacteria can get factor V from the medium

- gentle heating, CHOC - SAUR or yeast producing it directly - SAUR's beta hemolysis liberating it from RBCs

2 purposes of heating sheep's blood for the CHOC

- lysis RBCs, releasing NAD - destroys the NADases in the blood

Haemophilus will grow in ---- broth

thioglycolate

Haemophilus make up ---% of NURF

endotoxin of Haemophilus

LPS

HINF's pathogenicity largely depends on whether it has...

a capsule or not

HINF capsule serotypes and the worst one

a, b, c, d, and f B is the worst

----- test was used to determine HINF serotype, but is now rarely used becasue....

latex agglutination HiB vaxx largely eliminated serotype B

long name for ALA

delta-aminolevulinic acid

used to determine an organism's ability to make factor X

ALA test

screen HINF for ------- production

B-lactamase

How did HINF get its name?

They blamed it for the 1890 flu epidemic even though it was actually caused by a virus :(

Meningitis due to HINF usually occurs in what pop?

unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated kids

HINF meningitis mortality

5-10%

1/3 of HINF meningitis survivors have....

neurological problems

meningitis prophylactic drug

rifampin

epiglottitis common population

2 to 7 years old males 20-30 years old

ideal sample for a culture for epiglottitis

blood must establish airway (trach) before taking sample from epiglottis

3 most common causes of otitis media

SPNE HINF MCAT

HINF has no clinical significance if isolated from a ------ culture

throat

What causes petechiae, purpura in Brazilian purpuric fever?

LPS of organism causes capillaries/vessels to leak

Least virulent Haemophilus

HHAEM

Haemophilus with----- in the name make their own factor X.

para

H. ducreyi (school of fish)

Plating HDUC

Mueller-Hinton + various other types, often at patient bedside very fastidious

Ideal for IDing HDUC

molecular methods (fastitious)

Requires X factor only

HDUC

HDUC sx

- Painful genital lesions that turn into purulent ulcers - Tender inguinal (groin) lymphadenopathy - Chancroid lesions

HDUC endemic in...

Latin/South America Africa East and Southeast Asia India

Spell AAPH

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus

Doesn't require either X or V factor, eventually

AAPH

Mueller-Hinton agar nutrients

none (why it's used to test for X and V requirement)

Intermediate products of heme production that give a red fluorescence under UV

Porphyrins and protoporphyrins