pulmonary valves

Question 1

what is pulmonary stenosis associated with

Answer 1

• Fallot’s tetraology
• Noonan syndrome
• congenital rubella syndrome

Question 2

symptoms of pulmonary stenosis

Answer 2

• right ventricular hypertrophy
• fatigue
• syncope

Question 3

signs of pulmonary stenosis

Answer 3

• harsh mid-systolic ejection murmur
• murmur associated with thrill
• pulmonary ejection
• S4
• JVP a wave
• right ventricular heave

Question 4

when is pulmonary stenosis best heard

Answer 4

inspiration

Question 5

investigations for pulmonary stenosis

Answer 5

• CXR
• ECG
• doppler echo

Question 6

what is seen on CXR of pulmonary stenosis

Answer 6

prominent pulmonary artery owing to post-stenotic dilatation

Question 7

what is seen on ECG of pulmonary stenosis

Answer 7

both right atrial and right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 8

what is investigation of choice for pulmonary stenosis

Answer 8

dopper echocardiogram

Question 9

treatment of pulmonary stenosis

Answer 9

pulmonary valvotomy

Question 10

what is most common lesion fo pulmonary valve

Answer 10

pulmonary regurgitation

Question 11

what does pulmonary regurgitation result from

Answer 11

dilatation of pulmonary valve ring

Question 12

what is pulmonary regurgitation characterised by

Answer 12

decrescendo diastolic murmur

Question 13

symptoms of pulmonary regurgitation

Answer 13

none

Question 14

treatment of pulmonary regurgitation

Answer 14

rarely necessary