anatomy (Sherwoods)

Question 1

what does the heart serve as

Answer 1

the pump

Question 2

what gradient does blood flow

Answer 2

downhill

Question 3

what is the pulmonary circulation

Answer 3

carrying blood between the heart and lungs

Question 4

what is the systemic circulation

Answer 4

carries blood between the heart and other body systems

Question 5

where is the heart located

Answer 5

in the thoracic cavity

Question 6

what is the bottom of the heart called

Answer 6

apex

Question 7

what two bony features is the heart between

Answer 7

sternum and vertebrae

Question 8

does the heart function as one pump

Answer 8

no

right and left sides are 2 separate pumps

Question 9

how many chamber does the heart have

Answer 9

4

Question 10

what do the atrium receive

Answer 10

blood returning to the heart and transfer it to the ventricles

Question 11

what are the vessels called that return blood to the atria

Answer 11

veins

Question 12

what are the vessels called that carry blood away from the ventricles

Answer 12

arteries

Question 13

what separates the 2 halves of the heart

Answer 13

septum

Question 14

what type of blood does the right side have

Answer 14

deoxygenated

Question 15

what type of blood does left side have

Answer 15

oxygenated

Question 16

how does blood enter the right atrium

Answer 16

via the vena cava

Question 17

where has blood entering the right atrium come from

Answer 17

body tissues (deoxygenated)

Question 18

how does blood leave the right ventricle

Answer 18

via pulmonary artery

Question 19

how does blood enter the left atrium

Answer 19

via the pulmonary veins

Question 20

how does blood leave the left ventricle

Answer 20

aorta

Question 21

what side of the heart has thicker muscle layer

Answer 21

left

Question 22

when do cardiac valves open

Answer 22

when pressure is greater behind the valve

Question 23

when do cardiac valves close

Answer 23

when pressure is greater in front of the valve

Question 24

where are AV valves located

Answer 24

between atria and ventricle

Question 25

where is tricuspid valve

Answer 25

between right atria and ventricle

Question 26

where is mitral valve

Answer 26

between left atria and ventricle

Question 27

how are AV valves attached

Answer 27

by chordae tendineae

Question 28

where does chordae tendineae attach

Answer 28

to the papillary muscles

Question 29

where are semilunar valves

Answer 29

between ventricles and major arteries

Question 30

what valves are semilunar

Answer 30

• aortic

- pulmonary

Question 31

what are the layers of the heart

Answer 31

• endothelium
• myocardium
• epicardium

Question 32

what is the endothelium

Answer 32

inner layer

Question 33

what is myocardium

Answer 33

middle layer

composed of cardiac muscle

Question 34

what is epicardium

Answer 34

external layer

Question 35

what is in myocardium

Answer 35

intercalated disc

Question 36

what junctions are in intercalated disc

Answer 36

• desmosome

- gap junction

Question 37

what do gap junctions allow

Answer 37

action potentials to spread from one cardiac cell to adjacent cells

Question 38

what is heart enclosed in

Answer 38

pericardial sac

Question 39

what does pericardial sac contain

Answer 39

two layers

• tough, fibrous cover
• outer fibrous cover attaches to connective tissue

Question 40

what does pericardial sac secrete

Answer 40

pericardial fluid

Question 41

what does pericardial fluid prevent

Answer 41

friction between the pericardial layers

Question 42

what is pericarditis

Answer 42

an inflammation of pericardial sac

- causes friction rub