anatomy (Sherwoods) Flashcards
what does the heart serve as
the pump
what gradient does blood flow
downhill
what is the pulmonary circulation
carrying blood between the heart and lungs
what is the systemic circulation
carries blood between the heart and other body systems
where is the heart located
in the thoracic cavity
what is the bottom of the heart called
apex
what two bony features is the heart between
sternum and vertebrae
does the heart function as one pump
no
right and left sides are 2 separate pumps
how many chamber does the heart have
4
what do the atrium receive
blood returning to the heart and transfer it to the ventricles
what are the vessels called that return blood to the atria
veins
what are the vessels called that carry blood away from the ventricles
arteries
what separates the 2 halves of the heart
septum
what type of blood does the right side have
deoxygenated
what type of blood does left side have
oxygenated
how does blood enter the right atrium
via the vena cava
where has blood entering the right atrium come from
body tissues (deoxygenated)
how does blood leave the right ventricle
via pulmonary artery
how does blood enter the left atrium
via the pulmonary veins
how does blood leave the left ventricle
aorta
what side of the heart has thicker muscle layer
left
when do cardiac valves open
when pressure is greater behind the valve
when do cardiac valves close
when pressure is greater in front of the valve
where are AV valves located
between atria and ventricle
where is tricuspid valve
between right atria and ventricle
where is mitral valve
between left atria and ventricle
how are AV valves attached
by chordae tendineae
where does chordae tendineae attach
to the papillary muscles
where are semilunar valves
between ventricles and major arteries
what valves are semilunar
- aortic
- pulmonary
what are the layers of the heart
- endothelium
- myocardium
- epicardium
what is the endothelium
inner layer
what is myocardium
middle layer
composed of cardiac muscle
what is epicardium
external layer
what is in myocardium
intercalated disc
what junctions are in intercalated disc
- desmosome
- gap junction
what do gap junctions allow
action potentials to spread from one cardiac cell to adjacent cells
what is heart enclosed in
pericardial sac
what does pericardial sac contain
two layers
- tough, fibrous cover
- outer fibrous cover attaches to connective tissue
what does pericardial sac secrete
pericardial fluid
what does pericardial fluid prevent
friction between the pericardial layers
what is pericarditis
an inflammation of pericardial sac
- causes friction rub
