antiarrhythmic drugs

Question 1

what do class Ia do to action potential

Answer 1

lengthen action potential

Question 2

example class Ia

Answer 2

disopyramide

Question 3

what do class Ib do to action potential

Answer 3

shorten action potential

Question 4

example of class Ib

Answer 4

lidocaine

Question 5

what does class Ic do to action potential

Answer 5

no effect on action potential

Question 6

example of Ic

Answer 6

flecainide

Question 7

what does class II do

Answer 7

block beta-adrenoreceptors

Question 8

example of class II

Answer 8

• atenolol

- bisoprolol

Question 9

what does class III do to action potential

Answer 9

lengthen action potential

Question 10

example of class III drug

Answer 10

amiodarone

sotalol

Question 11

what does class IV do to action potential

Answer 11

reduce plateau phase of action potential

Question 12

example of class IV

Answer 12

verapamil

diltiazem

Question 13

how do class I drugs work

Answer 13

they reduce the rate of entry of sodium into the cell

Question 14

what autonomic innervation do class II drugs affect

Answer 14

antisympathetic

Question 15

what are most class II drugs

Answer 15

beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists

Question 16

examples of selective beta blockers

Answer 16

• metoprolol
• bisoprolol
• atetnolol

Question 17

what do beta blockers do to AV node conduction

Answer 17

suppress it

Question 18

when are class II agents used

Answer 18

forms of SVT e.g. AF

Question 19

how do class III agents work

Answer 19

delay potassium current

Question 20

what can sotalol cause

Answer 20

• long QT syndrome

- torsades de pointes

Question 21

what is vernakalant

Answer 21

multichannel blocker

Question 22

what drugs are used for patients with structurally normal hearts

Answer 22

class Ic

Question 23

what drugs are used for patients with structural heart disease

Answer 23

class III

Question 24

what is employed in the treatment of symptomatic tachyarrhythmias

Answer 24

catheter ablation

Question 25

how are ablations performed

Answer 25

percutaneously by placing electrode catheters into the heart chambers

usually via femoral vessels

Question 26

what does successful ablation need

Answer 26

identification of site of origin

Question 27

in what arrhythmias are catheter ablations used

Answer 27

• AV node re-entrant tachycardia
• AV re-entrant tachycardia with accessory pathway
• ventricular tachycardia
• atrial flutter
• atrial tachycardia
• paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Question 28

symptomatic patients with wolf parkinson white syndrome treatment

Answer 28

catheter ablation - 1st line

Question 29

what is main risk associated with accessory pathway ablation

Answer 29

thromboembolism

Question 30

what is recommended in patients with atrial flutter

Answer 30

catheter ablation

Question 31

how does implantable cardioverter-defibrillation recognise

Answer 31

ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and automatically delivers pacing or a shock to the heart

Question 32

how many shocks does their battery last

Answer 32

100

Question 33

are the ICD discharges painful

Answer 33

only if patient is awake

Question 34

what is first line treatment for prevention of sudden death

Answer 34

ICD