mitral regurgitation Flashcards
1
Q
when does it occur
A
abnormalities of the valve leaflets, the annulus, the chordae tendineae or papillary muscle
2
Q
most frequent causes
A
- degenerative disease
- ischaemic heart disease
- rheumatic heart disease
- infectious endocarditis
3
Q
other causes
A
- diseases of myocardium
- rheumatic autoimmune diseae
- collagen disease (Marfans)
- disorders caused by drugs
4
Q
what does regurgitation into the left atrium produce
A
left atrial dilatation
5
Q
what JVP wave can be seen
A
v wave
6
Q
what happens to stroke volume
A
increase
7
Q
symptoms
A
- palpitation
- SOB
- orthopnoea
- fatigue
- cardiac cachexia
8
Q
signs
A
- laterally displaced apex
- systolic thrill
- pansystolic murmur
- mid-systolic click
- S3
9
Q
why is there S3
A
sudden rush of blood back into the dilated left ventricle in early diastole
10
Q
what is done to diagnose
A
- CXR
- ECG
- echo
- cardiac Catheterisation
11
Q
what is seen on CXR
A
- left atrial and left ventricle enlargement
- valve calcification
12
Q
what is seen on ECG
A
- bifid p wave
- left ventricular hypertrophy (tall R wave in V1)
- AF
13
Q
what does bifid p wave mean
A
left atrial delay
14
Q
what is seen on echo
A
- dilated left atrium and left ventricle
- chordal or papillary muscle rupture
- structural valve abnormalities
15
Q
how is severity of regurgitation assessed
A
colour Doppler
