aortic regurgitation Flashcards
1
Q
main causes
A
- endocarditis
- Marfan syndrome
- rheumatic fever
2
Q
chronic causes
A
- syphilis
- hypertension (severe)
- osteogenesis
3
Q
what is it
A
reflux of blood from the aorta through the aortic valve into the left ventricle during diastole
4
Q
what happens to maintain cardiac output
A
left ventricle size is enlarged so enough blood is pumped into the aorta
5
Q
what happens to diastolic blood pressure
A
drops
6
Q
what does enlarged left ventricle require more of
A
oxygen
so cardiac ischaemia develops
7
Q
when do symptoms occur
A
late and not until left ventricular failure occurs
8
Q
symptoms
A
- pounding of heart
- angina pectoris
- SOB
9
Q
signs
A
- pulse bounding or collapsing
- Quincke’s sign
- apex beat displaced
- early diastolic murmur
10
Q
what is Quincke’s sign
A
capillary pulsation in the nail beds
11
Q
what is de Musset’s sign
A
head nodding with each heart beat
12
Q
what investigation should be done
A
- CXR
- ECG
- echo
- cardiac catheterisation
13
Q
what is seen on CXR
A
- left ventricular enlargement
- dilatation of ascending aorta
- aorta is calcified (in syphilis)
14
Q
what is seen on ECG
A
- left ventricular hypertrophy
- tall R waves
- inverted T waves
- deep S waves
- sinus rhythm
15
Q
what is seen on echo
A
- vigorous cardiac contraction
- dilated left ventricle
- aortic root enlarged
- diastolic fluttering of mitral valve leaflets
