aortic stenosis Flashcards
when should cardiac catheterisation be done
when there is a concern about concomitant mitral valve disease
before surgery
treatment for childhood
vagotomy
other causes of valvular stenosis
- chronic kidney disease
- Paget’s disease of bone
- previous radiation exposure
- systemic lupus erythematosus
what is murmur like
ejection systolic
crescendo-decresencdo
what is most common cause
calcific aortic valvular disease (CAVD)
what is most common form of congenital heart disease
bicuspid aortic valve
what is CAVD
inflammatory process involving macrophages and T lymphocytes
treatment for symptomatic patients
aortic valve replacement
what does it include
- calcific stenosis of a trileaflet aortic valve
- stenosis of congenitally bicuspid valve
- rheumatic aortic stenosis
what may be felt in the aortic area
systolic thrill
signs
- sinus rhythm
- systolic thrill
- apex is non-displaced
- ejection click
- ejection systolic murmur
symptoms
- chest pain
- breathlessness
- syncope
- pre-syncope
- fatigue
who gets bicuspid aortic valve disease
new born babies
what are other causes of obstruction to left ventricular emptying
- supravalvular obstruction
- subvalvular aortic stenosis
- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
what is supravalvular obstruction
congenital fibrous diaphragm above the aortic valve
are extra heart sounds heard
yes S4
where does murmur radiate to
carotids
what is subvalvualr aortic stenosis
congenital condition in which the fibrous ridge or diaphragm is situated immediately below the aortic valve
what calcifies in CAVD
lipoproteins
where is murmur best heard
aortic area
what is the pulse like
slow-rising
what is seen on echo
- thickened, calcified aortic valve cusps
- left ventricular hypertrophy
used to determine severity
what is done if patient is unfit for surgery
balloon dilatation but results are poor
what does calcification reduce
systolic opening
