pulmonary Review: PFT's and Diagnostic procedures Flashcards
1
Q
consolidation
A
- a radiologic sign seen when a region of the lung is filled with something other than air
2
Q
Infiltrate
A
- infiltrate implies that the substance (other than air) has infiltrated the lung tissue which is usually less density than consolidation
- cough
- SOB
- tachypnea
- possible fever
3
Q
Pleural effusion
What it and most common symptoms
A
collection of fluid, air or blood in the pleural space - crushes the lung
- cough
- pain
- SOB
- tachypnea
4
Q
Pulmonary tests
A
- ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scans
- bronchoscopy
- chest imaging
- pulmonary function test (PFT)
5
Q
V/Q scan
A
- radioactive isotopes are breathed in and radioactive iodine in the blood is injected
- can have one or both (look at V or Q)
- normal V/Q = 0.8
- there is typically more gas exchange seen in the lower parts of the lung due to gravity
6
Q
Pulmonary function tests
A
- spirometry
- plethymysography
- expired gas analysis
7
Q
Bronchoscopy
A
- can visualize an airway with a scope that goes down
- can clip off tissue for a biopsy
- can also use a balloon to open an airway if needed
8
Q
What does it look at/used for
CT/MRI
A
- chest imaging
- changes in density
- abnormalities
- can be used to find mucus plugs
9
Q
Aspiration pneumonia
A
- can be caused by a weak gag reflex
- swallowing dysfunction
- drug or alcohol abuse
10
Q
Hypoxic vasoconstriction
A
- not enough ventilation = lungs will vasoconstriction to shift more blood to areas of better ventilation
- overtime this can cause pulmonary HTN
- pulmonary HTN can lead to right sided heart failure
11
Q
Spirometry - interpretation of flow volumes and rates
A
- usually compared to predicted based on age, gender, height, weight and race
- determine if results are normal
- determine if results are indicative of obstructive or restrictive diseases and compare results over time
- consider H&P, serial PFTs, and patient signs and symptoms to determine disease progression
12
Q
define the volumes of the lung
A
- Tidal volume: amount of air during quiet breathing
- IRV: amount that can be breathed in over TV
- ERV: amount that can be exhaled over TV
- RV: the amount always remaining in the lungs
13
Q
Describe the capacities of the lung
A
- TLC: the total amount of air that can fit in the lungs
- VC: the total amount of air that you can control (IRV+TV+ERV)
- FRC: the amount that remains in the lungs after normal exhale
- IC: the amount that can be inspired after normal exhale (IRV+TV)
14
Q
What does spirometry measure
A
- how fast and how much air you breath out
- can be used to look at volumes and rates
15
Q
Tests to measure residual volume and functional residual capacity
A
- harder to measure RV
- can be measured by
- body plethysmography
- expired gas analysis: nitrogen washout test, helium dilatation test, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO)
