COPD Flashcards
1
Q
What is COPD
A
- progressive disase that makes it hard to breathe
- not cured but can be prevented and treated
2
Q
what can COPD cause
A
- Wheezing
- SOB
- chest tightness
- coughing the produces large amounts of mucus
3
Q
What can cause COPD
A
- cigarette smoking (leading cause)
- long term exposure to other irritants (polution, chemical fumes or dusts etc)
- rare genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
4
Q
risk factors for COPD
A
- smoking/second hand smoke
- lung irritants
- family history
- history of respiratory infections as a child
5
Q
What combinations of diseases overlap with COPD/are COPD disorders
A
- Chronic bronchitis
- emphysema
- asthma
6
Q
Pathogenesis of COPD
A
- air movement in the lungs comes in forcefully and with increased pressure
- air movement out of the lungs is not as forceful and therefore bronchial walls collapse causing air trappings
7
Q
Obstruction can occur with
A
- inflammation of air airways
- bronchial tone/spasm
- weakening or support structures
- alveolar destruction
- lack of surfactant
- retained secretions
8
Q
Normal FEV vs COPD FEV
A
- should be able to breathe out 75% of air within 1 sec
- takes those with COPD longer
9
Q
Lung volumes and capacities with COPD
A
- increased RV
- increased TLC
10
Q
Radiographic signs of COPD
A
- wider AP diametes
- AP ratio is 1:1 (normal 2:1)
- enlarged heart (due to right side overworking)
11
Q
Common characteristics of COPD
A
- Dyspnea,
- chronic cough
- hypoxia with or without hypercapnia
- alveoli that are narrow and less flexible
- radiographic and functional changes to thorax
- spirometry changes
- pulmonary HTN which can lead to right heart failure
- can be septic or non-septic (both also prone to infection)
- weakness, muscule atrophy, osteoporosis related to decreased mobility becuase of disease
- cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression
12
Q
Non-septic COPD
A
- Emphysema
- Chronic bronchitis
- possibly chronic asthma
13
Q
Asthma
A
- meets general criteria but it is reversible
- hyperreactive airway that causes inflammatory response
- bronchioles can remodle
- exercise induced: can occur hours after due to loss of water and heat in the lower respirtoary system
- can hear wheezes
- higher rate in females
- usually mothers side/smoked during pregancy
14
Q
Treatments for asthma
A
- ask if they use inhlater before an dafter sport
- short term inhalers and long term inhalers
- often times a mixture of smooth muscule dilators and anti-inflammatory medication
- can also use nebulizer
15
Q
Emphysemia
A
- damaged alveoli
- loss of surface are for gas exchnage
- breakdown areas = bullae